Electron configuration

1. Derive the mathematical expression for the Lorentz transformation equation. relative orientation of the co-ordinate systems indicated in fig.2 A light-signal, which is proceeding along the positive axis of x, is transmitted according to the equation : x - ct = 0 _______ (1). Since the same light-signal has to be transmitted relative to K1 with the velocity c, the propagation relative to the system K1 will be represented by the analogous formula x' - ct' = 0 _______(2) therefore:…

Elements are made of a single type of atom, which cannot be broken down into anything smaller. Inside an atom are the subatomic particles protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral), and outside are the electrons (negatively charged) that orbit the atom in an electron cloud. When two or more atoms of an element or elements bond together, they form a compound. Depending on the type of elements, there are different kinds of bonds that could form. Ionic bonds form between the atoms of at…

The dielectric loss factor was the most influenstic parameter in this microwave spectrum. The loss factor values increased as a function of frequency and slight modification in spectrum on changing the solute concentration. The ε˝ values obtained in our experiments are almost similar to our earlier work[43]. Above 8GHz the frequency dispersion spectrum of ε΄& ε˝ were superimposed with each other. The spacing between the dielectric values in dispersion spectrum could be attributed to…

ROLE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND BEER LAMBERT’S LAW Electromagnetic radiation Electromagnetic radiatio :– it is a form of energy whose behavior is described by the properties of particles and wave. Few properties of electromagnetic radiation for eg. Its refraction when it passes from one medium to another are explained best by describing light as a wave. Some other properties such as emission and absorption are better explained by treating light as a particle. The correct or exact nature…

the electrodes (the cathode) fires electrons at the other (the anode) when voltage is added to the system. When Thomson turned the tube on, he saw a beam of "light" between the two electrodes. To figure out what this “light” was, he applied a magnetic field to the contents of the tube and found out that the beam moved toward a positive charge and away from a negative charge. From this, Thomson determined that these little cathode rays (which we now call electrons) had negative charge. Thus,…

chemistry. Frontier orbitals are the predominant force that determines reactivity within a molecule and can be chemically composed to meet certain requirements. The best corrosion inhibitors typically have electron-rich functional groups such as nitrogen, oxygen, or aromatic rings that can donate electron density and adsorb readily to the metal surface7. Knowing these facts, it is possible to design a good polymeric corrosion…

Electron Motion Control and Imaging M. Th. Hassan Electron motion in atomic systems, which happens on timescales of attoseconds (10-18s), is at the heart of all phenomena in nature. For instance, the motion of electrons in the chemical bonds determines the structure change in the molecules. Therefore, controlling this fast electron motion, in turn, allows to control the molecular structure change. Additionally, recording snapshots of the electron motion will provide real-time access to all…

clay minerals, via cation substitution. Cations are exchanged with cations of similar sizes but difference valencies. For example, where Al3+ is substituted by Si4+; this creates a net negative charge on one of the oxygen’s, because of the unpaired electron. Dissociation of H+/OH- is pH dependant and creates variable charges. These are created from the dissociation of the hydrogen ion in organic matter, and hydrogen ions being added and removed of the alcohol (OH) group on mineral surfaces. The…

which is also known as tetrahedral electron pair geometry (Ophardt, 2003). This arrangement is due to valence electron pairs, mutually repelling each other at a 109.5-degree angle. This repulsion is caused by a non-bonding pair of electrons and two hydrogen atoms which in turn repel against each other to form waters molecular shape. As a result of waters molecular shape, it has a bent molecular structure due to the oxygen atom having an un - shared pair of electrons. Water has covalent bonds,…

low concentration (there’s a flow of ions) Electrical activity is the ability for electron to travel within the material. Specific solid material molecule will have free electrons to conduct thus allow electrons to freely move within the solid thus create a flow of electron current. Conclusion, they are mechanically similar because both create a flow of particles (ions, free electrons) that enable the flow of electrons current within…