Electron configuration

1.3. AMORPHOUS STATE The amorphous state of solids is composed of molecules that have a disordered arrangement, which do not constitute to the characteristic of the crystal grid and, therefore, have zero crystallinity. The distribution of molecules in the solid amorphous form is not entirely random as it is specific to a gaseous state because it has a certain degree of order between neighboring molecules. Due to the lack of regulation and the absence of a crystal grid, compared to the crystal…

ABSTRACT In this work, a new flexible and transparent substrate with the help of organic materials such as Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Tetra ethoxy orthosilicate (TEOS) is synthesized. Transmittance of about 90-95 % is obtained in the visible region (400-700 nm) and the synthesized substrate show better thermal characteristics and withstands temperature upto 200 oC without any significant degradation. Characteristics such as transmittance (T), absorption (A), refractive index…

Research question: To what extent is the maths behind the double pendulum correct and what are its limitations due to chaos theory. Chaos theory is the idea, in simple terms, that certain natural events and occurrences are unpredictable in their behaviour. Examples of this are: weather, turbulent flow in certain liquids and even the double pendulum. These things can be explored and determined mathematically just how unpredictable they are and under what conditions they may become predictable,…

Table of content Introduction Two dimensional electron system Hall geometry Classical interpretation of IQHE Quantum mechanical interpretation of IQHE Significance of IQHE References Introduction The integral quantum hall effect (IQHE) was first discovered by Klaus von Klitzing and coworkers in 1980. It was demonstrated by two dimensional electron system in a device called metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), under low temperature and large magnetic…

In this paper, I am going to give my response to the Atomist philosophy put forth by the pre-Socratic philosophers Leucippus and Democritus. Some main points of the atomists readings that I am going to write about in this paper include the different characteristics of the atom, the empty space these atoms move around in, and how we perceive these atoms. Overall, I feel like the atomist have a very good base of ideas for their time. However, there are a few ideas that can be considered dated. I…

Eureka! Do you remember that pleasant feeling when a brilliant idea flashed into your head? Over 2000 years ago in ancient Greece, a physicist Archimedes was trying to solve a problem of physics. One day, while taking a bath, he suddenly got an inspiration, and discovered a breakthrough principle. He got so excited about this discovery that he leapt out the bathtub, ran through the streets without his clothes, and cried out, "Eureka!”: in English, “I’ve found it!”, the word to express our…

To facilitate an accurate description of the localized d and f electrons in the solids, the self interaction correction is introduced. Within the LSDA, the spurious self-interaction tends to underestimate their localization. In SIC-LDA formalism, the localized electrons see a potential (SIC potential) different from that of the delocalized ones for which the self-interaction vanishes and whose potential therefore reduces to that of the LSDA. It is known that self-interaction is important only…

The purpose of this paper is to find out what material is the gold crown ring made out of. What is interesting about this topic is that there is a lot of ways to study the gold crown ring. For example, you can test the mass, volume, and density of the ring. In the periodic table Au is the symbol for Gold, it’s atomic number is 79. The Properties of Matter are Mass, Weight, Volume, and Length. Each property has its own way of working with different types of things. It is believed that the…

molecules exist through Brownian motion. Albert was one who experimented the photoelectric effect in which he established that light has both a wave and a particle. Light particles were called quanta that had a certain amount of energy that release electrons from metals. Albert proved that whatever speed we are moving at it measures out to be 300 million meters per second in a vacuum. Which then proved that time passes slower…

Those forces include gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak. The electromagnetic force is the reason why the electrons are repelled from the nucleus and the protons. The strong force is why the protons stay together in the middle. These both keep the atom from falling apart. Weak forces keep radioactive decay from transforming the nucleus into a proton or an electron. Most commonly know is gravity. Gravity impacts the less on the atom compared to the rest of the forces. Gravity affects…