Electron configuration

Q1) What are the three main scientific concepts regarding the Gas Turbine Engine 1. Entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics  Definition: The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of the system is constant and that energy can neither be created nor destroyed and can only transform from one form to another. This means that we can't create noting from something, and we can't create something from nothing. Energy exists and cannot become nonexistent and nonexistent energy cannot…

Physics: Analogy of Light and Sound Light and sound share many common aspects. Today, we will study some of notable similarities and differences between the two. We can perceive both light and sound. We see through eyes and hear through ears. Both light and sound are waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave whereas sound is a mechanical wave. Light is created by interaction of electric and magnetic field. It does not require any medium for propagation, so it can propagate in free space. On the…

31. cis/trans isomers Isomers are compounds with a similar substance recipe however extraordinary structures. The structures of these isomers vary in the introduction of the two chloride particles around the Co3+ particle. In the trans isomer, the chlorides involve positions opposite each other in the octahedron. In the cis isomer, they possess contiguous positions. The distinction amongst cis and trans isomers can be recollected by taking note of that the prefix trans is utilized to portray…

One of my favorite philosophers in Sophie's World was Democritus. Democritus discovered atoms, tiny invisible blocks he thought that everything was made of; eternal and immutable. Democritus was also a materialist, someone who believes that nothing exists but physical matter. The philosopher, Alberto Knox, has asked Sophie “Why is Lego the most ingenious toy in the world?” The next day, he sends her a green packet talking about Democritus. Lego blocks are a great deal like atoms. Democritus…

discuss later. History of NMR Spectroscopy Year Individual Discovery 1921 Stern and Gerlach Basis of quantum theory is confirmed by carrying out atomic and molecular beam experiments 1925 Ulhenbeck & Goudsmith Discovered the concept of spinning electron to the magnetic dipole moment. 1938 Isidor Rabi Described Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in molecular beams 1943 Stern Nobel prize – Discovery of magnetic momentum of the proton 1944 Isidor Rabi Nobel Prize- Discovery of resonance method…

Circular Dichroism (CD) fundamentals. CD is defined as the difference between absorptions of left (Al) and right (Ar) circularly polarized light beams, CD=Al-Ar For each absorption band, the CD of two enantiomers are always exactly opposite. Theory. For each electronic transition one can define an electric (µij≠0) and a magnetic (mij≠0) transition dipole. Both can lead to absorption of radiation, the intensity of which is directly related to the oscillator strength f, fij≈| µij |2+ | mij |2 In…

Lewis chose a three-dimensional structure that contained eight vexes as representations for valence electrons. Consequently, he chose the cube because it contains eight vexes. Its orderly shape appealed to the common scientific notion that the universe contains patterns and organization. A conceivable structure like the cube allowed for easy application…

ISOTOPE EXPERIMENT- BEANIUM Introduction This beanium experiment was performed to display a greater understanding of isotopes of an element. Atoms that belong to the same element with the same number of protons but differ in numbers of neutrons are called isotopes. Since the atomic mass of a element includes the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the element, It can be said that isotopes would have a different mass. Heavier isotopes tend to react more slowly than…

partial double bond character. When the p-orbital of the halogen atom overlaps with the p electron cloud of benzene, its lone pair of electrons is delocalised into the aromatic ring. This results in the partial double bond character of the C-X bond which makes it more resistant to hydrolysis. (Primary reason)  The benzene ring has its own supply of p electrons. Since a nucleophile carries with it its own electrons, its path of attack will be hindered due to electronic repulsion between the two.…

semiconductor material. This P-N junction is a connection of a p-doped (electron-hole-doped) semiconductor material and n-doped (electron-doped) semiconductor material. When electric current through this junction is present, the electrons participating in the electric current are of an elevated energy state and propagate in the conduction energy band. The conduction energy band exists at a higher energy than the valence band, which is where electrons occupy the valence states of an atom. In an…