Electromagnetic spectrum

Chapter 5 Proximity Sensor 5.1 Introduction A proximity sensors is the sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensors often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor target demand different sensor. For examples a capacitive or photoelectric sensors…

Fresnel Equations The intensity of reflection in between two different medium of propagation can be calculated by using Fresnel’s equation. Light can either be s-polarized, p-polarized or unpolarized. The light radiated by the sun is an unpolarized light. In order to calculate the total reflection of an unpolarized light, we must first solve the reflected light using the Fresnel equation for s and p polarized reflection. For simplification purpose, the derivation of Fresnel’s equation will be…

3.1.3 FESEM and EDS analysis The structural morphology of the Pure HA, Sr-doped HA, La-doped HA and La/Sr co-doped HA (different La concentrations of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1M) nanoparticles are analyzed by FESEM images are shown in Fig. 3 (a)-(f). The morphology of pure HA shown in Fig 3 (a) indicates that formation of spherical (or) chain pearl shape of nanoparticles, ranging from 70 to 84nm. Further, Sr (0.1M) doped HA and La (0.1M) doped HA belongs to Fig.3 (b)-(c), appears the formations of few…

Case study This case study is going to describe the details of a chest examination undertaken on a 36 year old man who was involved in a road traffic collision (RTC) from the emergency department. The request card for the examination had the following clinical details: 'Cyclist involved in RTC, query pneumothorax'. Pneumothorax is a condition whereby the pleural cavity holds an accumulation of air resulting in the collapse of the lungs due to the pressure exerted on the lungs by the air…

The Kinect V2 is composed of a time-of-flight continues-wave camera with a resolution of 512*424 pixels (width*height), an RGB camera with a resolution of 1920*1080 pixels (width*height), an array of 4 microphones and some electronics for signal elaboration. The camera is able to acquire images at a maximum frequency of 30 Hz. Sending out invisible structures pulses into the scene whilst measuring the individual traveling time of each point in the pulse (See figure 3.1, page 16). The operating…

The FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of 2'-nitroacetophenone (2NAP) were performed. The vibrational spectra of 2NAP was found by applying the Density Functional Theory Calculations based on Beck3-lee-yang-parr (B3LYP) level with the use of the standard 6-31G*/6-311+G** basis set. The vibrational wave number for the optimized geometry was calculated at the same level of theory. The computed values of frequencies are scaled using an appropriate scale factor to give up the excellent unity…

3. Results and discussion 3.1. XRD analysis The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Sn-substituted Ni-Zn ferrites with the chemical composition of Ni0.6-x/2Zn0.4-x/2SnxFe2O4 (NZSFO) are shown in Fig. 1. The XRD spectra were indexed and fcc cubic phase was identified. The structural parameters are calculated from the XRD data and have been discussed in Ali et al [6]. The lattice constants are calculated from the XRD data and represented in Table 1. The distances between the magnetic ions at…

increasingly dependent on electricity. The fragility of electronics and increasing threats worldwide has led to the subject of this paper. How vulnerable is America to Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack? What would most likely happen in such an event? What steps can be taken to prepare for an EMP attack? Research shows that Electromagnetic propagation is the silent threat that is not be focused on. The current power grid of the United States is unequipped to handle a large scale EMP attack. This…

Conclusion Through burning varied solutions in a flame the information that is found becomes very useful. While burning any solution in a flame it produces a flame on the visible line spectrum. This flame color allows for a brief understanding of the energy the solutions possess. The least energy in the visible light spectrum is the color red and the most energy is violet. According to the data found in the experiment we come to the conclusion that the least energy is Lithium Nitrate due to…

The Life Of Richard Pryor Who was Richard Pryor, some people might ask? Well he is an African American Actor/ Comedian. One of his most famous quotes is ‘If I thought about it, I could be bitter, but I don't feel like being bitter. Being bitter makes you immobile, and there's too much that I still want to do. Richard Pryor is known for his colorful language during his live comedy shows , and he is highly influential , and always controversial towards African Americans. He has also been…