Electromagnetic radiation

Abstract In this paper CuO-NH-NH2 nanoparticle was synthesized and used to remove anionic dyes from single and binary systems. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the nanoparticle. Direct Red 80 (DR80) and Direct Green 6 (DG6) were used as anionic dyes. The effect of adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and pH on dye removal was evaluated. Kinetic…

Hooge’s relationship is an empirical relationship based on a large collection of data obtained for flicker noise in semiconductors and metal films. According to this model, the PSD of flicker noise is given by, S(f) = γHV 2 Ncf α Where Nc = ncΩ is the number of free charge carriers in the specimen,nc is the charge carrier density and Ω is the volume of specimen.γH is the Hooges constant, a parameter which characterizes the noise levels of a particular system. The initial value of gamma is…

Introduction: Limonene is a terpene that can be isolated from orange peels almost 100% in the (R)-(+)-limonene form. The essential oil from the orange peel belongs to terpenes, which are compounds that are made up of two or more five carbon units, named isoprene.1 The limonene is a monoterpene, which means it is made up of two isoprene units. Natural products are related compounds formally derived from isoprene units are terpenoids.3 The skeleton of terpenoids may differ from strict additivity…

Ultrasound has been used for many years to help diagnosis. Ultrasound describes sound frequencies beyond the range of normal human hearing and 20 kilohertz. Ultrasound uses focused low-energy ultrasound waves to visualize the interior of the body in a noninvasive and painless way. Many people are to thanks for the evolution of ultrasound. Dating back to the 1700’s. Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1793 observed that bats function efficiently in the dark, even when blinded, but not if deafened. He…

absorbed by a tested material. IR spectroscopy measures the absorbance of the tested material in the infrared spectrum, the section of the electromagnetic spectrum with a lower frequency than that observed in the visible light spectrum. Conversely, UV spectroscopy measures the absorbance of the tested material in the ultraviolet spectrum, the section of the electromagnetic spectrum with a higher frequency than that observed in the visible light spectrum. Both these methods can be used to…

The active region displayed in Figure 1 show a larger pore and several smaller pores in G-band. Bright points and several micropores are also visible. This active region was observed from 18:08 UT to 23:38 UT. However, there are three gapes from 18:42 to 19:08 20:21 to 20:47 and 21:59 to 22:26. Figure 1 shows the first image of the time series. Figure 2 illustrates the evolution of the fine structures at the inner part of the granules (i.e. towards umbra) at the pore boundary. Several dark…

A spectroscope takes in light and breaks it into their own individual wavelengths, which are the colored lines we see. The light was produced by electrons, which each have their own quantum, or energy level. When we run a current through the atom, the electron gains energy and jumps to a higher level to its excited state. When they fall back to their ground state, they release their stored energy through the form of light. The line spectra for different atoms differ because they each have a…

During an exam, ultrasonic beams propagate through a patient’s tissue by means of the transducer. As the beam propagates, there is a loss of energy through absorption, reflection, and scattering. This loss is displayed in the image as shadowing. To start, shadowing may result due to the absorption or reflection of most of the energy. The degree of shadowing is dependent on the structure and size of the object that’s blocking the ultrasonic beam and its relativity to it. Shadowing is seen when…

Abstract— Optical Pulse Oximetry is feasibly the greatest advance in patient monitoring. Pulse Oximetry enables oxygenation, an important physiological variable that is poorly detected by clinical means, to be monitored continuously and easily. Hypoxemia is commonly found in all aspects of medical practice and is a major cause of organ abnormality and death. It should be widely available and used routinely in clinical practice both in primary care and in hospital. This paper will design a…

At this point, it is important to note that, this particular orientation of rhodopsin in the microvillar membrane which gives selective sensitivity to polarized light by itself is not sufficient to analyse the sky 's polarization. An interesting analogy to spectral vision may be stated at this point to make this concept clearer, just like how it would be impossible to detect various colours if only one colour pigment was present, it is equally impossible to analyse the sky 's polarization if the…