Electromagnetic pulse

Figure 21: Dependence of the penetration depth on dwell times for different indentation peak loads Figure 22: Dependence of the penetration depth on dwell time for different indentation peak loads in ln-ln plot 5.4 HV vs. penetration depth Figure 23 shows the dependence of the Vickers hardness on the indenter penetration depth for 100mN to 1000mN and 10 s to 60 s dwelling time. The highest hardness value is 15.6GPa. As the indenter penetration depth increases, the hardness value decreases.…

electrons are subjected to a voltage, resulting in a voltage difference between the cathode and the ground in a manner that minimizes electronic collisions. The cathode ray is controlled by the electromagnetic lenses, generated by the coils that circulates around the tube. The effect of the electromagnetic lenses can be adjusted by changing the electricity flowing in the coils. The cathode ray is focused into a narrow beam and shot directly to the specimen. Formation of an image of…

An inverted fluorescence microscope is an inverted compound light microscope equipped with modules to internally separate the different wavelengths of light, and direct them to respective detection channels. Its main components include a light source, an objective, a filter cube and a detection unit, which can be an eyepiece or a camera (Fig.1). Filter cube is a component which separates a fluorescence microscope from a light microscope. It consists of one excitation filter, one emission filter…

Chapter 5 Proximity Sensor 5.1 Introduction A proximity sensors is the sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. A proximity sensors often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation, and looks for changes in the field or return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. Different proximity sensor target demand different sensor. For examples a capacitive or photoelectric sensors…

2.5. Color Temperature Color temperature is a characteristic of visible light that has important applications in a variety of fields such as lighting, photography, videography, astrophysics, manufacturing and publishing. In generally the hues of light generated are either warm (yellowish) or cool (bluish) and measured in degrees of Kelvin (K) 2.5.1. Technical Definition The color temperature of a light source is defined as the color temperature of a black body radiator that radiates light of…

definition: • They are empirical mathematical formulation for the characterization of radio wave propagation as a function of frequency, distance and other conditions. • These models predict the path loss (i.e. the reduction in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space or underground) of a transmitter and also the effective coverage area of transmitter. We know that when a signal travels from a wireless channel, it undergoes various types of Propagation Effects…

Fresnel Equations The intensity of reflection in between two different medium of propagation can be calculated by using Fresnel’s equation. Light can either be s-polarized, p-polarized or unpolarized. The light radiated by the sun is an unpolarized light. In order to calculate the total reflection of an unpolarized light, we must first solve the reflected light using the Fresnel equation for s and p polarized reflection. For simplification purpose, the derivation of Fresnel’s equation will be…

1.1 Overview: In antenna theory of analysis and design, the most forward looking topic is microstrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch antennas are made to have many different geometrical shapes and dimensions but among all the shapes of microstrip patch, four of them are most common than another that are square, rectangular, dipole and circular. They are employed in wide range of modern applications because of their easiness to design and compatibility with printed-circuit technology. The basic…

3.1.3 FESEM and EDS analysis The structural morphology of the Pure HA, Sr-doped HA, La-doped HA and La/Sr co-doped HA (different La concentrations of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1M) nanoparticles are analyzed by FESEM images are shown in Fig. 3 (a)-(f). The morphology of pure HA shown in Fig 3 (a) indicates that formation of spherical (or) chain pearl shape of nanoparticles, ranging from 70 to 84nm. Further, Sr (0.1M) doped HA and La (0.1M) doped HA belongs to Fig.3 (b)-(c), appears the formations of few…

Case study This case study is going to describe the details of a chest examination undertaken on a 36 year old man who was involved in a road traffic collision (RTC) from the emergency department. The request card for the examination had the following clinical details: 'Cyclist involved in RTC, query pneumothorax'. Pneumothorax is a condition whereby the pleural cavity holds an accumulation of air resulting in the collapse of the lungs due to the pressure exerted on the lungs by the air…