Electrical impedance

My field of study, physical therapy, betters humanity in many ways. The field of physical therapy is known for returning patients to their maximum level of physical function. In most cases, patients do physical therapy in place of surgery. The physical therapist assistant (PTA) administers the provision of components of the physical therapy treatment. Depending on the needs of the patient, components of a patient’s interventions may be directed to the PTA, instead of the physical therapist.…

The assigned material for this week's article summary assignment is titled "Metal polishing: Do this, not that". The article is authored by CTD Mike, and was published on 06 Oct 11. The article appears on the cheaperthandirt.com website, and may be sourced at: http://blog.cheaperthandirt.com/metal-polishing-this/. The article begins with the assumption you have a task to perform that involves removing metal. Should I use the Dremel rotary tool? Stones? If you want to make sure you don't jack up…

the electrical impulses that travel down pathways through your heart. The normal sinus rhythm is initiated by the SA node also known as the sinoatrial node. It is also known as the hearts natural pacemaker due to the fact it beat 100 bpm. The electrical activity then spreads through the wall of the atria and as a result causes them to contract before it reaches the AV node. From there the AV node conducts electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles while slowing down the electrical…

wave, any abnormalities and how every waveform and parts of the body rely on one another to work properly. There are five waveforms: P wave, Q wave, R wave, S wave and T wave. The P wave is the SA node and it is the main starter of the electrical conduction of the heart. This wave is the first thing that is seen on the ECG sheet and shows the atrial depolarization. The Q wave is the downward deflection following the P wave and sometimes it can be seen other times it cannot.…

Because of its noninvasive, long term suitability, easy utilization and continuous monitoring of hemodynamic function it has been widely accepted [5]. Impedance Cardiography (ICG) is a straightforward, economical and noninvasive strategy to screen electrical impedance change of thorax which is created by occasional change of blood volume in aorta [6]. A proper thorax model can be utilized for assessing Stroke Volume (SV), Cardiac Output (CO) and other hemodynamic…

These sound pulses are usually in the order of 1-5 megahertz. The probe is a transducer that uses an array of piezoelectric crystals. When an electrical current from the machine is applied to these crystals, they rapidly change shape. The changes in shape cause vibrations of the crystals, producing ultrasound waves that travel outward. The sound waves then pass through the patient’s skin and into…

Impedance cardiography is a noninvasive technique for assessing stroke volume (and thus cardiac output) as well as pre-ejection period (systolic time intervals). To measure impedance, four dual-electrodes recorded basal transthoracic impedance (Z0) and the first derivative of that impedance, the change in impedance over time (dZ/dt). Biopac EL-500 dual-electrodes were placed on each side of the neck and on both sides of the abdomen (under the arms) at the level of the thoracic xiphisternal…

1. INTRODUCTION Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy is an effective method of analyzing the intricate electrical resistance of a process and it is sensitive to surface phenomena and changes in the bulk properties. Thus it plays a major role in electrochemical research. It has been diligently used for the interpretation of corrosion mechanisms and in the characterisation of charge transport over the membrane. In the area of biosensors, it is especially appropriate for the detection of…

This is analogous to an electrical system when electrical flow is opposed it causes a voltage applied to the system. In acoustics, the impedance is defined as the ratio of pressure to flow. 2.1.2 Micro Properties It is at the micro scale at which the material acts with the fluid. Micro properties are the geometry details that define…

CHAPTER 2 2.1 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM The ECG Signal is a graphical representation of the electromechanical activity of system. The various propagation action potentials within the heart produce a current flow, which generates an electrical field that can be detected, in significantly attenuated form, at the body surface, via a differential voltage measurement system. The resulting measurement, when taken with electrodes in standardized locations, is known as the electrocardiogram. The ECG signal is…