Electrical conduction system of the heart

The circulatory system is the system that transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormone. It also helps fight disease, maintain body temperature, pH, and homeostasis. There are two systems that make up the circulatory system which are the cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system. The circulatory system moves blood through the body and is made up of the heart, blood vessels and the blood. The lymphatic system moves lymph to various parts of the body and is formed by the lymph, lymph…

analyze & process the biomedical signals. Biomedical signals are extracting the information from biological systems like brain, muscles or heart etc, under investigation. The extracting information may be so simple to note the pulse rate of a person from wrist or so complex like analyzing the information from heart by using ECG. There are various sources for extracting signals from the biological system (Khandpur R. S., Handbook of biomedical instrumentation, 2e;, page12). They are: 1.…

Sometimes when we ingest certain substances, we can stimulate foci (nodes that pace the heart at a certain speed) in the heart which can give us the feeling of “skipping a beat.” The feeling of “skipping a beat” is actually another beat that follows the original beat quickly which gives us that feeling. A lot of factors can stimulate other foci such as atrial and junctional in our heart. These factors, according to Dr. Dubin, includes adrenaline (epinephrine) released by adrenal glands,…

make it more or less likely that an inflammatory myopathy will develop. In fact, in most cases, the cause of an inflammatory myopathy is unclear. For some reason, the body’s immune system turns against its own muscles and damages muscle tissue in an autoimmune process. In PM, the inflammatory cells of the immune system directly attack muscle fibers. (PM) is more common in females than males and usually begins after age 20. Over a period of weeks or months, several muscles become weak and…

CHAPTER 2 2.1 ELECTROCARDIOGRAM The ECG Signal is a graphical representation of the electromechanical activity of system. The various propagation action potentials within the heart produce a current flow, which generates an electrical field that can be detected, in significantly attenuated form, at the body surface, via a differential voltage measurement system. The resulting measurement, when taken with electrodes in standardized locations, is known as the electrocardiogram. The ECG signal is…

The first main system is the central nervous system which consists of the brain and the spinal cord. There are three main sections of the brain; the forebrain which contains the cerebrum and the parts of the diencephalon (the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus most importantly), the midbrain which is a part of the brain stem, and the hindbrain which consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. The cerebrum, the picture on the right hemisphere of the model’s brain, is the…

There are three main types of electrical tissue in the myocardium: ventricle & atria, SA & AV node (pacemaker cells) and Purkinje fibers. Each type of cell differs in the composition of ion channels in the membrane, which influences the action potential and transmission of electrical stimulus. There are 4 phases of the action potential. During phase 0, activation of voltage-gated fast sodium channels cause…

The neuron is the basic working unit of the nervous system. It is a specialized cell that is designed to transmit information to other cells across the body. Neurons make up such a large part of the brain, that they are also responsible for learning, reasoning, memory, and perception. The neuron comes from the portion of the body known as the nervous system, which is responsible for the impulses sent throughout the body. The neuron is composed of several parts in its structure and to ensure…

About the size of a large fist, heart is made up of cardiac muscle, myocardium, with skeletal muscle-like striations. It has two upper atria & two lower ventricles separated vertically by septum, and four main valves with which the blood makes its directional flow into and out of the heart. Deoxygentated blood with which the blood flows into and out of the organ. Deoxygenated blood enters through the venae cava fills the right atrium (RA) and right ventricle (RV) through the tricuspid valve.…

non-CRRT output. The system infuses and removes fluid after the fluid balance is calculated, and the desired volumes are input into the system. The system monitors the volume of replacement fluid, dialysate, and the volume of fluid removed by the use of scales. Potential Complications of CRRT Air embolus: This can occur if the patient receives air in the blood returned. The system has air detectors that are highly sensitive even to micro-bubbles. Alarms can occur if the system was not thoroughly…