4.1.4 Development of Feed Forward Control model in Simulink To implement feed forward control. Firstly, the transfer function of the linear DC Motor model has to be obtained. Actually in our case, the input of the plant is current so the transfer function of the mathematical model in ratio of angular velocity to current has to be obtained. It is given by: G(s)=Ω_1/I_a =R_A/K_M 1/(T_e s+1) where T_e=(J_meq R_A)/(K_m Cϕ) is electro-mechanical time constant. The feed forward control could be…
out that there is a superior, cleaner, and more compelling substitute to them: power. Albeit electric motors are not all that broad, more individuals consider changing their gas powered vehicles to electric autos. Also, this decision is more than sensible. The support cost of electric autos is lower than…
Fig. 3. Schematic Diagram of Power Line Guardians (“PLG”) PLGs are also used to give the real-time data on the lines such as: line current, conductor temperature, frequency, sag [17]-[21]. Fig. 4. The PLG communications system. The diagram (Fig.4) shows the PLG communications system. PLGs (blue) control the power flows on the lines. Super PLGs (red) can control both the power flows and the PLGs. These Super PLGs are also used to communicate with Energy Management Systems (EMS) and allow…
Hybrid cars are vehicles that combines the benefits of having both a gasoline engine as well as an electric motor. Hybrids also have battery packs in them, which powers the electric motor, and the gas engine charges the battery while it is running (“Hybrid Cars”). The electric motor makes the car more fuel efficient, where on the other hand, the engine allows the vehicle to go as fast as normal cars. This gives these cars improved fuel economy, increased power, and additional auxiliary power for…
Electric motorcycle is a means of public transport are getting rave reviews from the public because it does not require fuel oil (BBM), does not produce air pollution and noise, and also cheaper than the fuel cost of charging energy. But of the many advantages of electric motorcycle there are many shortcomings that make people reluctant to switch from gasoline motorcycle into electric motorcycle. Here below are some of the ugliness, weakness or deficiency of electric motorcycles, namely: 1.…
of reliable transportation, there is a new challenger rising ---- The electric cars. First of all electric cars are more environmentally friendly, they are cheaper and more efficient form of transportation, more reliable than conventional gasoline cars and they can be more powerful and fun due to how they are designed and their components. Let us address the elephant in the room first, the environmental benefits of electric cars and how they can dramatically reduce greenhouse gasses and…
increase in battery production to supply the electric cars or the impact of extraction of natural resources to make the fuels for the internal combustion vehicles (Hawkins et al. 997). One study showed that Lithium-ion batteries do not have as great of an environmental impact as internal combustion engines as far as emissions from every day use; however, they have the same impact as far as maintenance and disposal of the vehicles (Notter et al. 6552). Electric vehicles can have an even lower…
hybrid has two motors in the engine bay; one is an electric motor and the other gasoline powered motor. The reason that the two motors are combined is because it uses reducing deficiencies and strengths. The electric motor is used when it’s driven at a low speed, while the gas motor performs better at high speeds. It generates extra power for a particular weight of the motor. Throughout rush hours, when the vehicles are running and stopping constantly, the performance of an electric motor is…
battery is lost, the disposal of the lead within the battery must be dealt with appropriately. An analysis by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon found that the mass production of electric cars using lead/acid battery packs would exponentially increase the public’s exposure to lead pollution (Peters, 1995). According to the study, electric cars would create more than 60 times the amount of lead pollution as compared to vehicles burning leaded gasoline (Peters, 1995). In addition to problems…
been around and designed since 1890. Electric cars were first created in England and France, The United States didn’t get interested in the idea until 1895. The first electric car produced may have been developed by M. Raffle in 1897. (Curtis D. Anderson, p.22) The United States adopted the electric car as taxi cabs in New York. In 1903, New York State alone had 4,000 registered cars with 53% of them being steam-powered, 27% gasoline-powered, and 20% electric. Hybrid vehicles concepts have been…