El Niño-Southern Oscillation

The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) operating on a decadal scale and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects annually are measured against the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) and compared with fires records between 1700 AD and into the 20th century (Hessl, McKenzie, and Schellhaas, 2004, p. 425).…

South Asia, is the home for one fifth of the world’s population and is known to be the most disaster region in the world regarded as world’s poor region. In South Asia, bout 456 million people are estimated to be undernourished. In the recent past, climate change appeared as most critical issue facing by the society on a global basis, with serious problems of food security of billions of people in the developing countries. The inter-annual, monthly and daily distribution of climate variables…

will continue to amplify global warming for centuries to come. If we do not cut carbon emissions extreme events will occur such as storm surges adding to rising sea levels and threatening coastal cities. There is a possibility for a more intense El Nino will set in. Governments and individuals need to adopt sustainable non-carbon energy sources and choose renewable power. Many studies show that we can reduce, reuse, and recycle so that we can save the planet…

belts and hyper arid plains, 18-32% increase in rainfall in the monsoons zone, especially in the sub-humid and humid areas 0.5 to 0.7% increase in solar radiation over southern half of the country, 3 to 5% decrease in cloud cover in Central Pakistan, with increase in sunshine hours 17 to 64% departure of rainfall from normal during EL Nino events, increase in frequency of extreme events such as heavy rains, storms, heat waves, cold waves, cyclone and flash floods, significant shift in weather…

temperatures which may have led to increased wildfires. Records from tree rings show fire history, and it is evident that wildfire risks are associated with drought concurrent with the summer fire season. Variability in climate in relation to recent El Niño/La Niña patterns along with severe droughts may have promoted greater wildfire risks, especially in California where precipitation anomalies are influenced by Pacific surface temperatures. Although these two explanations appear to compete…

diseases because climate change that causes storms happens in the sea. These warming sea temperatures intensify violent storms. PBS’s video on global warming explains this better. The video describes the El Niño Southern Oscillation as a system that “sets a pattern for much of the world’s climate”; when El Niño’s happen, trade winds weaken allowing the warm water to be pushed back to South America. This reverse movement causes changes in weather patterns. In some places it increases the rain,…

Sri Lanka is well known as an agricultural country from an ancient time. The primary source of water for agricultural production for most of the world is rainfall. Three main characteristics of rainfall are its amount, frequency and intensity, the values of which vary from place to place, day to day, month to month and also year to year. Precise knowledge of these three main characteristics is essential for planning its full utilization. Most rain water is used in agriculture for crop production…

these natural disasters is impossible, but the rate at which they occur can be somewhat controlled. For example, in the last 30 years, the frequency of severe cyclones (Category 3-5) has almost doubled. Scientists believe this is due to the extreme El Niño’s that have been occurring in recent years. It is likely that global warming is increasing the rate of severe weather events around the…

Sixty genera of coral have a symbiotic relationship with the algae zooxanthellae. Only some deep water and cold water corals can survive without them. This symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms, the zooxanthellae provides the coral with glycerol, glucose and alanine. The coral provides the zooxanthellae with nitrogen and protection against predators. The degree to which the organisms depend on one another varies between species. (Rupert and Barnes, 1994). Coral bleaching occurs when the…

HI5003 Economics for Business Tri3 2014 TOPIC • Scarce resources- which resource and in which country/industry are seen as scarce and what is being done in the industry or country. What substitutes have been used to overcome this problem ! 1. INTRODUCTION: (Dan Moynihan, 2000) Resource…