Under the reign of Thutmose III in ancient Egypt and perhaps even before, artifacts were not destroyed by mere vandalism, but to remove names and faces of history - to erase the traces of the same existence 'a chef. Statues and frescoes depicting Queen Hatshepsut, the fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, were damaged or demolished to remove his history and therefore its influence on Egyptian life. Under Itzcoatl, the…
The term Ottoman is a dynastic designation which is extracted from Osman I (Arabic: ʿUthmān), who was the nomadic Turkmen leader who instituted both the dynasty and the empire about 1300. Ottoman empire dates back to 15th and 16th centuries, it was established by Turkish Tribes in Anatolia (Asia Minor). It grew as one of the most influential states in the world. The period of Ottoman remained for 600 years and it ended in 1922, when it was substituted by the Turkish Republic and several other…
A. The relations with any of the Westerners was limited during the modern period, but it was never completely not allowed. There was a group of Dutch traders that provided some commercial and cultural contact. The publication of Western book in Japan was not allowed, but the books in Japanese discussing Western advances were available. There was really no relation with the West until the middle of the 1850’s. This was when Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Harbour. He opened trade…