Egoism

Normative theories Similarities and Differences between the Rule and Act Utilitarianism Human life entirely runs by different actions that we take each day. The activities are centered on what can benefit us as individuals or a group. When the benefit is derived, we get happy, and those who fail to get the benefit of their action are disadvantaged hence they get unhappy. Such disparity forms the routes of various arguments found in both ancient and modern ethical philosophy. In pursuit of…

amount of people. The first requirement is utilitarianism must be capable of justifying the three major assumptions 1. There is an answer to the free will/determinism debate 2. The thesis of ethical relativism is false 3. The thesis of psychological egoism is either false or trivial Utilitarianism can justify the last two of the major assumptions. Ethical relativism is a theory that states an action is only right or wrong relative…

Book 1 of Plato’s Republic is concerned with justice. Although Plato doesn’t give his own definition of justice, he does consider and eventually refute the suggestions offered by some of the characters we encounter. These characters include Cephalus, Polemarchus, and Thrasymachus, who have different perspectives on morality. In this paper, I will be giving my own interpretation of this text, which will include a description of the three characters as well as an account of Socrates’ interaction…

Constitution also says that The State guarantees the independence of each of its people to embrace religion. We are embarrassed by the principle of “Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" (unity in diversity), when the people of Indonesia cannot be united. Religious egoism seemingly still glorify with the belief that religion or sect that a person follows is the rightest one among all. This way of thinking tends to justify anarchic behavior towards people of a different religion or sect. Assault in the name of…

Alasdair MacIntyre published the first edition of his book, After Virtue, in 1981. Since then, two further editions have been published. Within all three editions of his book, MacIntyre claims that we should give grave deliberation to Aristotle’s theory of the virtues. He does so by examining the antiquity of virtue ethics and attempts to create a classification of them for contemporary times. Nonetheless, MacIntyre’s disagreement was that modern ethics place far too much importance on reason…

This paper addresses ethical and moral dilemmas, played out in a scenario in which Officer Johnny Jones, newly assigned to an undercover narcotics unit is paired up with veteran Officer Tony Denardo. Officer Denardo quickly impresses upon Officer Jones, his feelings about the narcotics unit and the police agency on a whole. The veteran officer leaves such a strong impression on the “rookie”, he (Officer Jones) soon starts displaying similar characteristics and boisterous attitudes. Officer…

“Perhaps the most difficult step in the process of creating an ethical organization is to set the referral points with which one can assess the ethical value of an action” (Upadhyay & Singh, 2010, p.15). In the article, “In Favour of Ethics in Business: The Linkage Between Ethical Behaviour and Performance” Yogesh Upadhyay and Shiv Kumar Singh (2010) seek to illustrate how difficult it is for organizations to change their manner of business and the necessity for corporate change to attain an…

their humanity as a moral cause. The solution to anomie could be provided within the existing framework of industrial society. Durkheim distinguishes Anomie to be one of the major causes of suicide in modern societies, as well as egoism. Anomic suicide is described as the cause of insufficient social integration, whilst egoistic suicide is the effect of inadequate social regulation. However Marx defines Alienation in a different way: it is man's 'species being' -…

with power think they can rule the world with their beliefs without understanding and accepting others beliefs; going against the respect of somebody rights. Going on the same view as seen in “Salvation”, “The Veil” shows a person self-interest, the egoism which lives in them and led them to achieve their own aspiration. This is where the respect of one’s will about considering his beliefs and accepting them without forcing that one by the indulgence of a different belief should be the simplest…

The dilemma presented in the textbook illustrates a case arguing over non-traditional forms of marriage, specifically, regarding the implications of allowing same-sex marriage. The question is; can one open up marriage relationships to other varieties of non-traditional forms of marriage such as gay marriage, and if so where do we draw the line, for example are polygamous relationships acceptable. In terms of ethical relativism, both personal and social relativism share the same notion when it…