Economic integration

move freely throughout society without fear that the funds will be traced back to criminal actions. Laundering also protects the funds from being confiscated by police. (1) There are three parts to money laundering: placement, layering, and integration. The most difficult step in the process would be placement. Placement is the depositing of funds in financial institutions. Under the Federal Bank…

stratification. Population Stratification According to Vinnychuk and Ziukov in their study on “Shadow Economy in Ukraine: Modelling and Analysis” , they have identified socio-economic implications from the functioning of the informal economy . Based on the current situation in Ukraine, the need for survival of its population in the rough economic crisis has created a lot of informal activities. In addition, the culture of blat or using informal connections for the personal benefit has…

fall of Cuba’s gross domestic product (GDP) at the percentage of thirty-five between the year 1989 to 1993 (Peters, 2002). The vanished subsidies on heavily mechanized and chemical input for agricultural production of Cuba, eventually contribute to economic crisis that led to drastic food shortage. As the country was heavily dependent on chemical input such as pesticides and chemical fertilizer for their agriculture production, especially on producing sugar for the purpose of…

ERTEKN, Meriç SUBAŞI, and Betül YÜCE DURAL said that: “China has become a world economic superpower. It has the second largest national economy and is the largest exporter worldwide.” (90) ERTEKN, Meriç SUBAŞI, and Betül YÜCE DURAL describe that: “The WTO was created on 1 January 1995, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which had been formed in 1948. The WTO stresses the central role of markets and private enterprise. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as…

enable advanced economies to gain control over the smaller and developing economies. Besides, critics argue that multilateral agreements are more effective for encouraging trade liberalization than FTA’s. Moreover, the agreements could result in economic instability (Grimson, 2014). Chapter 1 outlined the fact that even though Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland are third parties in the Trade, Development, and Cooperation Agreement, those countries have become…

Even at this stage of my International Relations journey, the term ‘globalisation’ has been mentioned numerous times. Globalisation is argued to have produced various economic benefits for ‘developed’ and so-called ‘developing’ countries (Collier & Dollar 2002). But what about the down side? Being encouraged to think critically about all aspects of the IR field led me to my topic - the impacts of globalisation on ‘Third World’ countries. Previously being approving of the benefits of…

properly. Specifically, White supremacy justifies discriminatory actions which lead to poverty, miseducation of youth, and over criminalization. It will be argued that collective economics and politics in the African-American community will reduce, and even begin to reverse the effects of White supremacy,…

Do Marx's views on capitalism provide any insights into economic globalisation today? Karl Marx, one of socialism’s revolutionaries, presented his views on capitalism and globalisation (imperialism) throughout his analytic works, such as the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. These are views, according to several Marxian scholars, such as Miguel D. Ramirez, vindicate the rapid integration of goods and financial markets (globalisation) the world economy has experienced since the fall of the…

minimizing the demerits of refugees to the host country (Farazmand, 2014). This essay will discuss that the beneficial or disadvantageous attributes have sociopolitical, economic and environmental implications that must be evaluated to gauge the capacity of the country concerning the intake of refugees. Pundits on economic matters argue that refugees bring with them many benefits…

Globalization can be defined broadly as the economic, political and cultural integration of people and nations into a larger, interdependent society. As the term implies, the focus is not on individual countries, but on the world in its entirety. Thus, it is a complex process that involves the movement of goods, services, capital and information across international borders, as well as the diffusion of political, cultural and intellectual discourse. Although this process is considered by many as…