Dysphagia

Susan’s main areas of difficulty involve motor speech, which affects her intelligibility. Particularly relating to the larynx, use of the tongue in speech and coordination of the lips and palate. This indicates that Susan is likely experiencing mixed spastic-ataxic dysarthria due to lesions on the upper motor neurone pathway (Wilkinson and Lennox 2005) in the corticobulbar tract which innervates the cranial nerves and the cerebellum (Bethoux et al 2013). Lesions on the upper motor neurone…

Recommendations Many recommendations have been identified to implement the guidelines. Patient who develop disability after a stroke should receive rehabilitation in a stroke unit and subsequently receive care from a stroke team within the community. A multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation team consists of professionals with expertise in rehabilitation should provide care to the stroke patients. In order to ensure the social care assessment, health and social care professionals should work…

 What is botox Botulinum neurotoxin is produced naturally by Clostridium botulinum, a gram positive spore forming bacteria. It has eight different serotypes named Type A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F and G. Botulinum toxin type A is the most powerful and longest acting of all and used widely for therapeutic purpose. It consists of two polypeptide chains : a heavy chain and a light chain linked together by a disulphide bond. It is synthesized in an inactive single peptide chain with a molecular mass of…

Introduction Motor neuron diseases (MND) are a group of pathologies in which motor neurons are selectively affected. Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a member of this group, affecting both upper (UMN) and lower motor neurons (LMN) [1]. ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease [1], with an estimated incidence in Caucasians of about 1,2-4,0 per 100,000 person-years [2]. ALS incidence increases with age, being more frequent between the 6th and 7th decades and in women more than men…

Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is surgery to relieve heartburn and other problems caused by gastric fluids flowing up into your esophagus. The esophagus is the tube that carries food and liquid from your throat to your stomach. Normally, the muscle that sits between your stomach and your esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter or LES) keeps stomach fluids in your stomach. In some people, the LES does not work properly, and stomach fluids flow up into the…

4020 Assignment The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the phase of the nursing process in which assessment and care planning will be focused and also discuss the importance of communication and interpersonal skills within this process. The nursing process is a systemic approach used to improve the quality of nursing care (RCN, 2016). It consists of mainly five steps which are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation (RCN, 2016). The basic pharmacology and nurse’s…

The Involvement of the tibialis anterior muscle leads to ankle dorsiflexion weakness. Dysphagia affects up to 70% of patients and can be a significant problem. Mild to moderate facial weakness is frequently demonstrated (Dimachkie, M. M., & Barohn, R. J. 2012, July). Due to severe quadriceps weakness and atrophy patellar reflexes may be lost…

Huntington Disease (HD), also known as Huntington’s Disease or Huntington’s Chorea, is a hereditary genetic disorder that results in the death of brain cells causing neuropsychiatric changes, choreiform movements and cognitive disturbances [1]. The most common form of HD is called adult-onset Huntington disease which normally develops around the ages of 30 to 50 [2,3]. A less common form of HD is known as Juvenile Huntington Disease (JHD) which usually develops in childhood or adolescence.…

throat and fever, which need to be treated by antibiotics to prevent severe complications (Burns, Dunn, Brady, Barber Starr, Blosser, and Garzon, 2017). The clinic features of acute viral pharyngitis include headache, cough, fever, sore throat and dysphagia, rhinitis, hoarseness, conjunctivitis (Chan, Yau, Cheng, Chan, and Kwan, 2015). The signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis include sudden onset…

A hypophonic voice is characterized as weak and breathy. Hypophonic voice due to unilateral vocal fold paralysis is a common voice disorders in adults. Another cause that leads to hypophonic voice is vocal fold atrophy due to certain neurologic diseases or aging. However, considering its prevalence among adults, treatments are limited. Treatment typically consists of voice therapy combined with behavioral approaches or surgery. Behavioral treatment includes exercises, such as vocal Function…