Dynamic frequency scaling

proposed to decrease energy consumption for them. For CMOS based processors, the power consumption is dominated by dynamic power dissipation, which is quadratically related to supply voltage and linearly related to processing frequency [4]. Besides, the processing frequency also has an almost linear relation with supply voltage. Consequently, for lowering system’s energy requirements, processing frequency and the equivalent supply voltage is lowered to reduce the power consumption cubically. The motivation of trading processing speed for energy savings was first proposed by Weiser et al. in [5], where processor frequency and subsequent supply voltage is adjusted by means of utilization based predictions. Yao et al. [6] illustrated a polynomial-time static off-line scheduling algorithm for autonomous tasks running with variable frequencies, assuming worst-case execution time. Based on dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique, Moss´e et al. proposed and analyzed a number of schemes to dynamically adjust processor speed with slack reclamation [7], where statistical information about task’s execution time was used to slow down processor speed uniformly and set aside more energy. The best proposal is an adaptive one that takes an aggressive approach while providing safeguards that avoid violating application deadlines [8][9]. Another important energy management technique is Dynamic Power Management (DPM) that puts the idle system components into low-power states whenever…

The motion in the fastening reason for the unit might be supervised with vibration pickup and examined to determine the spectrum. These details may then be employed to set the shaker drive signal to proper spectrum shape and level. The best approach would be to arrange the machine to watch and control the amount instantly. The three functional limitations to the performance of electrodynamic shaker are displacement, velocity and acceleration. Shaker is operated by displacement at the lowest…

Polarization in Antenna Polarization is the basic thing used in transmission antennas for the propagation and reception of the signals. As we know that antenna emits electromagnetic waves in the space for the communication purposes. These two types of waves as depicted by the name Electro-Magnetic is a combination of electrical and magnetics fields. These two waves are mutually orthogonal i.e. oriented at an angle of 90o with each other. The general wave form is given as Fig: Electromagnetic…

Chapter eight of the text Sound and Recording by Francis Rumsey and Tim McCormick, discusses the principles of digital audio, and contrasts digital with analog. The text also illustrates how digital and analog work together to produce desired sound. In the world of audio there are two types; digital and analog. Analog can be described as physical or tangible in a sense, being etched onto some type of media. Digital however, is a representation of the audio waveform, which is converted into a…

Sound travels through matter, which is a solid, liquid or gas. Sound travels in longitudinal waves. There is also a vibration that starts on an object, and this causes a vibration on all the molecules. When these molecules vibrate, they cause all of the other surrounding molecules to vibrate. This vibration will spread from molecule to molecule causing sound to travel. 1. What is a wave? A wave is a chain of vibrating molecules. In general, a wave transfers energy from one place to another. 2.…

This is a very frequently used modality in the many athletic training rooms. This modality mainly used in the athletic training setting as a therapeutic agent and not a diagnostic tool. Ultrasound uses acoustic energy at high frequencies. The goal of this could be to achieve thermal or non-thermal physiological effects. In this case review ultrasound was used as a non-thermal healing agent. This acoustic energy is caused by an electrical current that causes the mechanical vibration of a…

Since all of the different types of electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed (~3x108 m/s), the only factor to change is the wavelength (λ) or its inverse, the frequency (μ). To acquire this value, the ideas of electromagnetic and cosmic radiation have to be accounted for. Because all objects in our universe and anything between us and the receiving planet emit some sort of electromagnetic radiation, extensive research has been put into determining the range that incurred the least amount…

4 and determines whether the bilingual children demonstrate the evidence of interaction between two languages, if the children demonstrate the evidence of variation of the acceleration in acquisition in shared sound between two languages due to phonetic similarity, and whether if the sound frequency of occurrence predict high accuracy of shared sounds in the production. One of the reasons why I have chosen this paper is that I thought it was interesting that it talks about the variation of…

wavelength, frequency, speed, and, at times, their phase. Sound information is transmitted by the amplitude and frequency of the vibrations, where the amplitude is experienced as loudness and frequency as pitch. The vibration is started by some mechanical movement and this causes a vibration on the molecules next to the mechanical event. When these molecules vibrate, they, in turn, cause the molecules around them to vibrate. The vibration will spread from molecule to molecule causing the sound…

Introduction A wave is a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space. Waves are caused by vibrations. There are two types of waves, transverse, and longitudinal waves. The moving particles in transverse waves travel at right angles to the direction of transverse. Some examples of transverse waves are light waves and radio waves. A longitudinal wave is also known as a compression wave. The moving particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave.…