Ductile iron

HARDNESS Hardness of a material is most commonly defined as the measure of its resistance to penentration by an indenter.Hardness is also measure of strength and often has the units of stress .The indenter is often fabricated from a hard material such as diamond or hardened steel.The tips of the indenters may be conical,pyramidal,or spherical in shape.The indenter tips may also be relatively small(nano-or micro-indenters) or very large(macroindenters).Since indentation tests are relatively easy…

The SEM result was also in good agreement of XRD analysis. The average particle size of CuMnRC1, CuMnRC2 and CuMnRC3 catalyst was 0.675µm, 3.127µm and 7.435µm respectively. The particles of CuMnRC1 catalyst was least agglomerated, highly porous, high surface area and uniformly distributed. The choice of different precipitant in the CuMnOx catalysts leads to the change of the surface distribution of Cu, Mn and O elements, which might be related to the CO oxidation catalytic performance of the…

incorrectly labeling the iron content on their products. The purpose of this experiment was to analyze the amount of iron in approximately one serving of Total Whole Grain cereal and in one iron tablet and determine if these accusations were true. The values collected would then be compared to the actual values for these products. Total cereal contains 100% of the recommended daily allowance for iron, and the iron tablet contains 361% of the recommended daily allowance for iron. The actual…

In architecture and civil engineering, sustainability plays a main role. All buildings and any construction could be potentially dangerous if they were built or designed in an inappropriate way. All structures and designs have to be safe and stable to prevent the fatal catastrophe of failing construction. The construction of any large objects, such as shopping centers, cathedrals, bridges, and other usually takes a lot of time. There are many forces that affect the designed construction and…

their stone and copper predecessors because they could make stronger, longer, and sharper swords. Steel requires large amounts of iron ore, carbon, fast-flowing water, and a long lasting fire. It was created by smelting the iron ore and carbon together in a very hot fire. The Inca didn't have steel because they could not build a long enough lasting fire to heat the iron due to their wet climate. This affected their development because they didn't have strong weapons to take over other…

Part 1: Test of Melting Point Generally, ionic solids have very high melting point temperatures. Covalent molecules have a lower melting point. Polar covalent molecules have a higher melting point than non-polar covalent molecules. 1. Mold an aluminum foil boat that will serve as a tray for the table salt, sugar, wax. 2. At different corners of the boat place a very small amount of each substance. a. Table Salt b. Sugar c. Wax 3. Set the hot plate on high. 4. Observe and record the order…

Mineralization is independent of igneous processes. Host rocks comprise two types: calcareous or dolomitic siltstone, shale, and carbonate rocks of marine or lacustrine origin; and non marine sandstone, arkose, and conglomerate. In addition, the iron oxide copper-gold and basaltic copper deposit sub models may be applicable within some of the areas studied. Deposits of the reduced-facies subtype (model 30b.1; Cox and others, 2003), also termed coppershale or stratiform copper deposits, are…

Ceramics material are compounds between metallic and non-metallic elements where it most frequently oxides, nitrides, and carbides(William D.callister,JR, David G. Rethwisch,2015). This material use for technical applications are commonly based on aluminium oxide. The properties of ceramics which are insulative to the passage of heat and electricity and more resistant to high temperature and harsh environment(William D.callister,JR, David G. Rethwisch,2015). Ceramics in cochlear implants use for…

When heat is applied to an object, that object usually undergoes a structural change. This also applies to rock. Since Knife River Flint is a fine-grained stone the changes predictably would be minor, compared to a coarse-gained stone that would exhibit greater change when it came to thermal altering. Ahler purposed “that fine-grained cherts respond to heat alteration at lower temperatures than do coarse-grained cherts” (Ahler 1983: 2) which Knife River Flint is a fine-grained chert, so it…

molecules themselves in the skin. And in some countries it is still used as scalpels in hospitals. Later Steel became the main use for spear heads, forging a spear head although was not easy. It would start with some high carbon, low carbon, and pure iron into a crucible, that was capped off with a clay cap, completely sealed from oxygen. Then is put on the bottom base of the smelting forge, the forge is thus ignited and supplied consistently for 5-8 hours…