2009 the US Food and Drug Administration said it halted reviews of all drug applications including data developed at Ranbaxy's Paonta Sahib Plant in India because of a practice of falsified data and test results in approved and pending drug applications. In…
Good governance and Indonesian state asset management According to Hughes (2012,) Governance is about framing rules and organizations with the intention of providing accountability. Within the context of Indonesian state asset management, good governance principles are defined based on the list of good governance principles as listed by the National Development Agency, which include principles such as transparency, accountability, regulatory compliance, professionalism and competency, efficiency…
Public administration concerns implementation of principled direction in government action and public service, with the primary objective of developing appropriate policies and management approaches to influence positive functioning in a government. It involves administration of public programs and translation of political processes into positive welfare benefits for citizens, through studies of government decision-making, analysis of policy, and assessments of approaches that contribute towards…
researcher further emphasized on the fact that a new management model in organizations could be adopted, whether public or private. The criticism of the bureaucracy and the rise of the superiority of private management systems in relation to public administration, materialized on a set of fundamental principles: decentralization, deregulation and delegation. 1. Decentralization as a fundamental principle for organizations can acquire creativity and innovation, implying at the same time reducing…
Since 1948, Myanmar has already established anti-corruption laws related to building integrity, but these laws have rarely been enforced and there has been any effective prosecution for the abuse of office (Chêne, 2012). When the civilian government came to office, it has undertaken significant legislative reforms including requiring all government officials to publicly declare their assets (Morrell, 2012). The 2008 Constitution also requires that the government submit the draft budget to the…
Street-Level Bureaucracy: The Critical Role of Street-Level Bureaucrats by Michael Lipsky was written to explain the importance of the role of public service workers when delivering government services to the public. The involvement of public administration in difficulties that are currently affecting the undeserved and have made the government to take responsibilities on public safety, health and security. Lipsky believed that government workers play a significant role in our society by making…
American Constitution. While the politics/administration dichotomy was the instrument that scholars used to solve the complex issues created by the law of the land. Laurence J. O 'Toole, Jr. (1987) is his article, Doctrines and Developments: Separation of Powers, the Politics-Administration Dichotomy, and the Rise of the Administrative State, contends that the development of the American administrative state was an amalgamation of the politics/administration dichotomy and the constitutional…
Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century discusses a code of ethics for public administrators. Martinez argues that civil servants, public administrators, and non-profit administrators, as with other professionals, must have a standard code of ethics. However, there remains no such code. He contends the importance of a code by explaining that public administrators make decisions with ethical expectations. Martinez argues for five methods to administrative ethics. “Ethics as a…
Due to the gender discrimination history in the workplace in the United States, I was interested to educate myself more about what took place in the past and what women has gone through. In the book, “Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administration State,” by Camilla Stivers, speaks…
Formulation Hardness (Kg/Cm2) ± S.D Friability (%) ± S.D Drug Content (mg/tab) ± S.D Floating Lag Time (m) ± S.D(s) Floating Time (h) ± S.D F1 5.1 ± 0.01 0.19 ± 0.011 98.34± 0.12 04 ± 11 6 ± 0.011 F2 5.5 ± 0.02 0.23 ± 0.012 98.54 ± 0.47 05 ± 10 7 ± 0.021 F3 5.1 ± 0.04 0.41 ± 0.015 99.21 ± 0.08 06 ± 20 10 ± 0…