Drosophila

of the Ci protein. The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling play a vital role in limb development and call death in the nervous system during development. Although it is not quite clear what the purpose of PKA is but it does play an essential role in Drosophila embryonic development and the Hh signaling cascade. If absent, the level of the full-length Ci155 increases and the dpp, wg, and ptc gene expressions are induced. Due to the negative feedback inhibition, PKA play a dual role of activation the…

In reference to Figure 1, Drosophila melanogaster has a total genome size of one-hundred and seventy million base pairs of which yields only fourteen-thousand protein encoding genes. However, humans have a total of around three billion base pairs that yield roughly twenty-one thousand protein encoding genes. Drosophila melanogaster is relatively simple compared to the complexity of Homo sapiens, yet Drosophila melanogaster has almost one-hundred and sixty-nine billion…

Drosophila melanogaster also known as the common fruit fly is mostly associated with fruits and vegetables, however it can originate from other sources. Drosophila melanogaster has a common life cycle of fifty days. In that time period female fruit flies lays several eggs. Similarly, fruit flies develop from larvae like other flies (Glick, Neimeier and Aiello). Drosophila melanogaster can reproduce anywhere that has fermented organic matter that stays moist. Fruit flies undergoes 4 (egg, larva,…

Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) regulate IIS function. In Drosophila melanogaster, there are seven Drosophila ILP (dilp) genes. One of which is dilp2, a gene that encodes a peptide that closely mimics human insulin. Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are analogous in function to pancreatic β cells in mammals. In Drosophila hemolymph, IPCs are necessary for carbohydrate homeostasis. When IPCs are explicitly removed, developmental delays occur…

or "off." These modifications do not change the DNA sequence, but instead, they affect how cells "read" genes.” () Gene expression can be affected by the environment and the life style of the organism. Exploring the genome of different kinds of Drosophila can gave a better understanding of it changes or evolution of the dot chromosomes. Since Sager is an expensive tools and Roche/454 has more coverage but creates mononucleotide runs, also known as homopolymer runs, a hybrid assembly was made to…

cerevisiae and drosophila (Rothstein 1991; S. Rong 2002). Especially in yeast cells, HR is commonly used method for gene targeting due to high efficiency. Yeast cells can grow as haploid/diploid forms; it provides specific advantage to study lethality-gene relationship and…

for the food contamination have limitations in sensitivity and rapidity, thus the early phase detection has been difficult. Herein, we developed a bioelectronic nose using a carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistor (FET) functionalized with Drosophila odorant binding protein (OBP)-derived peptide for easy and rapid detection of Salmonella contamination in food. 3-Mehyl-1-butanol is known as a specific volatile organic compound, which is generated from the food contaminated by Salmonella.…

Fat is a Drosophila tumour suppressor gene that regulates the growth of cells in tissues. The McNeill lab are trying to understand how Fat restricts growth and controls Hippo pathway activity. This is being tested using flies and mice. They are also investigating how Fat regulates growth via control of metabolism and mitochondrial function. The McNeill lab is hoping to find how Fat regulates the growth rate and full grown size of organs. Fat also controls a high-level form of tissue…

allow for the application of data to other model systems. Hobert (2000) believes, that the patterns of these LIM-homeodomain proteins is evident from studies about Drosophila to C. elegans. LIM proteins have their own transcription factors and cytoskeletal elements. Structurally, a LIM domain has cysteines with 2 zinc fingers. These LIM homeodomain (LIM-HD) proteins regulate the formation of cell line cells and influence differentiation. (Dawid et al., 1995) To control these proteins, it is…

Conclusion Inheritance of drosophila from each allele from 4 of the 5 tests shows a 3:1 dominance, favouring the wild type (+) phenotype. The wild type (+) phenotype was tested and experimented on against the other eye colour phenotypes, including wild type, brown, purple, sepia and white. It was easily evident that every F1 on each test was solely wild-type dominant. Since, for example, +/+ with SE/SE can only make +/SE which can be discovered using a Punnett grid, making the first generation…