Dopamine

Drugs such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines are placed within this category. Stimulants block the reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapses of the central nervous system, which produce an enhanced mood and increase of energy. This energy is temporary and is accompanied by severe “crash” as the drug effects wear off. If stimulants are the…

created by the disease. There are many different types of medication, but because Parkinson’s disease is caused by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, most medication for the symptoms are dopaminergic medications. Dopaminergic medications raise the amount of dopamine in your brain by either temporarily increasing the original level or by substituting for the dopamine. These medicines help motor symptoms such as problems with tremor, walking, and movement. Other symptoms can be treated by…

My Neuropsychological Journal Emotional Functioning As someone who was diagnosed with PTSD three years ago, and has experienced symptoms for the past five years, I have experienced various deficits in emotional functioning. Reflecting back, my emotional functioning has varied over time. For instance, before I started treatment, my emotional functioning was quite poor. I was unable to regulate emotion and was constantly in a flight or flight mode. For example, in high school and my…

This is an introduction into use of music therapy used in cognitive and medical rehabilitation. Used very extensively in Europe most notably studied in detail by the university of Oslo in Norway. Looking at the methods of the studies using the scientific method for forming a theory that music has a beneficial effect on rehabilitation and improving cognitive function in children and patients with severe neurological and cognitive disorders. In fact, it is being used as a method of pain management…

Anti-Calbindin binds to Calbindin (CB) and labels GABAergic neurons In our immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiment, we used anti-Calbindin as our primary antibody, Goat anti-Rabbit 488 IgG as our secondary antibody (“488” meaning that the fluorescent dye is excited at a wavelength of 488nm, fluorescing green), and DAPI-mounting serum as a DNA (nucleus) marker with blue fluorescence for reference against anti-Calbindin-marked GABAergic neurons (Lammel, 2016). While GABAergic-neuron-expressing…

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, and progressive motor system disorder; meaning that over a prolonged period of time the patient’s brain cells that produce dopamine deteriorate, and that with every passing day the symptoms get worse. This makes daily life difficult as these symptoms include involuntary movements, sleep disturbances, mood swings, difficulty walking, speaking, and eating, and trouble recalling specific details. This disease currently has no known cure, but there are treatments…

From the chemical perspective, scientists believe that schizophrenia is caused by high levels of dopamine. When the neurotransmitters transport messages through each nerve an excessive amount of dopamine is being released. From the brains structure perspective, scientists believe that different parts of the brain cause schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that helps us think…

Some of these problems are: dysphagia, cognitive problems, depression due to low levels of dopamine, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, having difficulty in urinating, constipation, fatigue, pain, and sexual dysfunction just to name a few (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2015). Most of these secondary factors can be treatable or alleviated with medication…

Specific purpose: To persuade the audience that ADHD medications are not a crutch to gain will power. It is a medication which truly helps individuals with ADHD. Introduction I. Attention: I am a squirrel running around looking for an almond, and hiding my acorns in places I can’t find. Inattention problem? Actually, I have a broken reward pathway and ADHD medications are a benefit to people like me. II. Thesis: Attention deficit disorder is a real disease, undeniably proven with scientific…

Administration (FDA) in 1967. (David A. Williams ) Haldol is original brand name of haloperidol, which now produced under multiple trade names as patent protection has expired. Haloperidol is a derivative of butyrophenone and acts by blocking the effects of dopamine, a chemical in the brain that affects…