DNA

James Watson along with Francis Crick helped discover what we know about DNA today. They helped shape what we know about DNA and changed the world with scientific contributions. James Watson along with his colleagues helped shape the modern science of today with his many studies of DNA, cancer, and genomes. James Watson was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 6th, 1928. When he was young he attended Horace Mann Grammar School for 8 years and then attended South Shore High School for two years.…

short, repeating, palindromic DNA sequences separated by short, non-repeating, "spacer" DNA sequences (Figure 1). How CRISPR/Cas works in bacteria: As shown in Figure 2, the CRISPR immune system protects bacteria from repeated viral attack by three basic steps: Step 1) Adaptation – When bacteria are invaded by a foreign DNA from a virus, they can duplicate and then incorporate the segments of the foreign DNA into their genome as "spacers" between the short DNA repeats in CRISPR. Step 2)…

The DNA structure for years has been relatively challenging to study. Ultimately DNA is very long and tiny. Luckily there has been many advancements in DNA technology that have made working with DNA much easier. Especially in the tools and techniques used for reading and handling the DNA code. PCR is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to increase a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several scales generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA.…

Watson, an American geneticist; Francis Crick, a British molecular biologist, and Maurice Wilkins, an English physicist and molecular biologist. The three worked together and achieved a significant impact on biotechnology in terms of the discovery of DNA structure (the double helix), and therefore they had been awarded Nobel Prize in 1962 (Watson, 1968). Their research and subsequent major discoveries…

separating strands of DNA, is used to visualize and isolate strands of nucleic acids based primarily on length. The technique can be used on a mixed assortment of DNA molecules to yield information concerning the length…

components. There is the guide molecule and the Cas enzyme. The guide molecule is responsible for taking the Cas enzyme to the piece of DNA sequence that will be edited. The Cas enzyme is responsible for breaking down a segment of the DNA sequence. The cell then has its own way to repair the broken DNA. So this is when scientist provide a corrected form of the DNA sequence to act as a template for the cell to copy. This type of repair is a Homologous Recombination. There is one other way…

areas related to health, and biology, is the Bioinformatics. The way it is doing it is by improvement and be able to sequencing DNA (genome). Bioinformatics can be describes as a science tool in which use computer technology to analyze, collect, “storage, and retrieval of genomic data” (American Heritage Dictionary). There are different ways to sequence the genome or DNA, store and evaluate the information obtained. Some of the methods are Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing, also known as…

I. Gene editing is a type of genetic modification in which DNA is altered, by a quite a few ways such as removing or replacing a defective gene from a genome. During this semester we discussed how you can have a designer baby with all of the qualities and characteristics you want edited into a DNA .In a world where gene editing would take place it would have its pros and cons. Pros being that you can modify a disease or trait from being in your human embryo. Cons being that what if you could not…

DNA cannot function without hundreds of pre-existing proteins, but proteins are produced only at the direction of DNA.To produce a protein, the building blocks are amino acids. For DNA and RNA these building blocks are nucleotides, which are composed of purines, pyrimidines, sugars, and phosphoric acid. If amino acids are dissolved in water…

acid, or DNA, is a nucleic acid. DNA is a double-stranded molecule comprised of numerous nucleotides covalently bound together. Nucleotides contain a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases. The four nitrogenous bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). To construct DNA’s double helix, hydrogen bonds form between two complementary nitrogenous bases. These bonds only form between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine (“DNA”).…