DNA

Paper 1 DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a persons body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus ( where it is called nuclear DNA) but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called Mitochondria DNA or mtDNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: Adenine (A), guanine (G), cystoine (C) and Thymine (T). Human DNA…

The concept of DNA barcoding uses marker regions of DNA to differentiate between species, often known species. This has been used as a valuable tool in the investigation of the validity of products from food manufacturers. According to a study by Willette et al., the Cytochrome c oxidase…

The Ethics of DNA Testing for Identification Following Arrest Abstract Following the initial realization that DNA could have law enforcement applications there was a tremendous rush to make use of the technology. This implementation was uneven both in its application and its acceptance, largely depending on whether the Daubert or Frye standard of admissibility of evidence during trial is used. More recently focus has been on some probably unforeseen uses of DNA evidence. Of particular concern…

DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling, is identifying an individual using there DNA. This is often used for identifying criminals, and parental testing. First, a sample must be provided, which can be: blood, semen, hair roots, or saliva. The cells from the sample are then split open, and DNA is separated from the rest of the cell. The DNA is then treated with specialized proteins (restriction enzymes),which separate the DNA into smaller parts. The fragments of DNA are then applied to a…

DNA is an important molecule for life. It is much like a manual telling the instructions of how bodies develop and function. DNA is the acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid. What is DNA made of? DNA is a molecule of nucleotides, such as adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. They are shown by their first letter: A- Adenine T- Thymine C- Cytosine G- Guanine The backbone that holds the nucleotides are called phosphate and deoxyribose. The nucleotides are known as bases. Human body has about 210…

billion base pairs of DNA. Within this, there are between 30,000 and 70,000 genes, which together add up to less than 5 percent of the entire genome. Most of the rest is made up of several types of noncoding repeatitive elements.The relative percentage of non repetitive DNAin bacteria is 100% and decreases in the higher developed eucaryotes,70% in Drosophila and 55% in animals and 33% in plants. Most gene sequences are unique, found only once in the genome. In contrast, repetitive DNA elements…

DNA technology is used for medical purposes, agricultural purposes and forensic science. An example of medical reasoning for DNA technology is vaccines. In the case of recombinant vaccines, a target protein is fixed for the virus or bacteria so that the vaccine can fight against it. Scientists then find the part of the DNA that is liable for coding that protein, copy it, and then put the duplicate in another system that can be used to make a lot of proteins (hence the name recombinant) from the…

the actual gel revealed very little and it was incredibly difficult to see and did not come out in the photo. The DNA I have obtained should be pure DNA, since it was filtered and separated from the rest of the solution there should be nothing else in it. In order to be certain of this an indicator could be used in order to test for other substances. The main problem with the DNA extraction procedure is simply getting all the cells I needed. Towards the end I had nearly no precipitate because…

In Today’s Science article titled The Origami of DNA it was about how Genome is organized in looping. Genetic material stored in the nucleus in a compressed way that let on amounts of data to be stored in bitty places. Society had very clear perspective on how genomes were stored until recent times. Researchers have found approach that helps find the grouping of the human genome in three dimensions. Researchers discovered much of the genome was package into loops. The loops transform into huge…

DNA was discovered through the collaboration of several scientists, most notably James Watson and Francis Crick. The two main methods used in the discovery of the structure of DNA was experimental, through X-ray crystallography, and theoretical, through building a model based upon the experimental data. Linus Pauling, James Watson, and Francis Crick were proponents of the theoretical model for the structure of DNA, while Erwin Chargaff, Maurice Wilkens, and Rosalind Franklin were champions of…