DNA sequence

The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of DNA/RNA. The term genome can be applied specifically to mean that stored on a complement set of nuclear DNA but can also be applied to that stored within organelles that contain their own DNA as with the mitochondrial genome or the chloroplast genome. All prokaryotes and eukaryotes genome contain significant portion of repetitive DNA, there are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats…

DNA is a molecule consisting of hereditary material, and is present in almost all organisms. DNA has four nitrogenous bases that make up codes: adenine (A), cytosine(C), guanine(G), and thymine(T). The sequences of these chemical bases determine what information is present to create specific amino acids. The structure of DNA is similar to a twisting ladder and consists of paired bases (A to T, C to G), phosphate molecules, and sugar molecules. DNA is important because it instructs an organism's…

to make large amounts of DNA segments from just a specific DNA sequence. This method is used to scientifically prove if a suspect of committing a crime is truly the person who committed the crime. The four main components of a PCR are: DNA from a sample, nucleotides A, T, G, C, DNA polymerase, and primers. B. What is gene expression? List the two steps of gene expression and where they occur in the cell. (2 points) Genes are genetic codes or also known as sections of DNA. In order for this…

mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene [1], a type of nonsynonymous substitution. Figure 2.3: Missense Mutation [1] This figure 2.3 shows an example of missense mutation. One of the nucleotides (adenine) is replaced by another nucleotide (cytosine) in the DNA sequence. This results an incorrect amino acid (proline) being incorporated into the protein sequence. 2.3.2 Nonsense…

are used to manipulate DNA sequences to create recombinant DNA by first cutting up the foreign DNA in order to protect the bacteria cell against invading DNA from other organisms. The enzyme is very specific when it comes to identifying a specific DNA sequence. When the enzyme identifies the specific DNA sequence it cuts both DNA strands at specific points at the restriction site. Lastly, the DNA ligase joins the DNA from two different sources and produces a recombinant DNA molecule by…

the potentials and limitations of DNA and human remains in archaeological research using two case studies. The first case study focuses on the potentials and limitations of the extraction of Mycobacterium Bovis from DNA to further understand the pathological history of societies in Southern Siberia. The second case study looks into the successful reconstruction of DNA sequences from Neanderthal fossil remains and the limitations that appeared during its study. DNA analysis has made a historical…

or transposons, are sequences of DNA that move (or jump) from one location in the genome to another. A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size. Transposition often results in duplication of the TE. The transposable elements make the biggest part of the genome. It mainly contributes to the mass of the Eukaryotic cell DNA. They are…

Introduction DNA makes up the genetic material for all organisms. However, not all organisms have distinct molecules working with DNA that come together to make up chromatin. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells, the cellular makeup of multicellular organisms. The structure of chromatin is composed of DNA and histones, together making up nucleosomes, and other non-histone proteins that bind to the DNA. The backbone of DNA is negatively charged and histones have a positive charge…

Michael smith, for his contribution in site-mutagenesis. Kary was working as a chemist at the Cetus Corporation, a biotechnology firm in Emeryville, California, where he came across an idea to amplify a desired DNA strand generating thousands to millions of copies of an interested DNA sequence (Mullis, 1998). The enhancement made by Kary Mullis enable PCR to become a principal technique in biochemistry and molecular biology (Rabinow et al, 1996). The technique comprises…

areas related to health, and biology, is the Bioinformatics. The way it is doing it is by improvement and be able to sequencing DNA (genome). Bioinformatics can be describes as a science tool in which use computer technology to analyze, collect, “storage, and retrieval of genomic data” (American Heritage Dictionary). There are different ways to sequence the genome or DNA, store and evaluate the information obtained. Some of the methods are Sanger and Next Generation Sequencing, also known as…