DNA sequence

many observable characteristics seen in an organism. Information encoded in the DNA inside of nucleus of living cell must go though many stages: DNA~RNA~Protein with various other steps before the final product. A copy of the DNA facilitates information in genes to become available for protein synthesis. Pre-mRNA is the first sequence and then messenger-RNA is the final step before protein. Different parts of the sequence is removed through a process called splicing. Some parts of the Pre-mRNA…

Maple Syrup Urine Disease Hannah Gentry , 13SK , 8/21/2014 Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare genetic disorder where an aminoacidopathy secondary to an enzyme defect in the catabolic pathway of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, which are required in order to metabolize certain amino acids in the human body. In other words, it is a metabolism disorder, where the infant is unable to break down the amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Build up of these…

process of altering an existing gene in the DNA and inserting it into cells in an organism to fix genetic disorders or diseases. In humans, gene therapy is the process in which some of the defect cells or the cells carrying the disease are removed from the body (eg. lung cells in a Cystic Fibrosis patient) in order to harvest their DNA. The base sequence of their DNA is then altered to remove the genetic disorder by deconstructing and reconstructing DNA through techniques such as PCR, ligation…

Protien Synthesis DNA is our genetic material. Since DNA is stuck in the nucleus it has to get out somehow, but it can't, so what does it do then? The answer to that, is that DNA makes a copy of one of its helixs to get out of the nucleus. The process of DNA making a copy of itself is called transcription. The copy of the DNA is called mRNA and that is the messenger type of RNA. The DNA makes a copy of itself called mRNA, then gets out of the nucleus and leaves to attach itself onto a ribosome.…

components. There is the guide molecule and the Cas enzyme. The guide molecule is responsible for taking the Cas enzyme to the piece of DNA sequence that will be edited. The Cas enzyme is responsible for breaking down a segment of the DNA sequence. The cell then has its own way to repair the broken DNA. So this is when scientist provide a corrected form of the DNA sequence to act as a template for the cell to copy. This type of repair is a Homologous Recombination. There is one other way…

interspaced with short sequence which had been detected in the genome of many bacteria and archaea. The CRISPR method is based on the natural defense system used by bacteria to protect themselves from invading viruses. When the DNA of virus detected by bacterium, the CRISPR RNA as a guide RNA which contain a sequence, match to the invading virus DNA, the adoptive immunity occurs in three steps: first CRISPR acquisition, a short sequence of invading DNA ( ̴ 30 nucleotide) as a spacer sequence…

isolating a DNA fragment from each organism and producing duplicates of each gene, which are then coloured with fluorescent dyes in order to distinguish the nucleotide bases in the DNA. A DNA sequencer is then used in order to graph and print out the entire sequence of nucleotide base sequences from both organisms, which is then compared. The results prove that the more closely related species, the less differences in nucleotide base sequences. Mitochondrial DNA It is common for…

from DNA is converted into its RNA equivalent which also refers to the synthesis of RNA copy of information encoded on DNA. The same principles of transcriptional regulation apply to both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Transcription involves in access of transcription apparatus to DNA, recognition of promoter sequences, initiation of RNA synthesis, elongation of RNA, and termination. Transcriptional in eukaryotes is more complex compared to prokaryotes especially multicellular organisms In DNA…

involving the use of polymorphic DNA markers to identify the best candidate gene that can…

The term “evolution” is a theory to explain how earth becomes full of life from simple bacteria. Set by Darwin, it is a common concept accepted by the public. He used the finches on Galápagos Islands to explain an important concept for evolution, nature selection. He found that on Galápagos Islands, finches have many different types of beaks. Some are easy to crush seeds, some are easy to catch warms in the trunks, and others have their ways to use. But different types of beaks can only found on…