DNA barcoding

by a combination of both genetic changes and other environmental factors. In order to understand what cause the gene mutation one must need a basic knowledge of genetics and biology and it all comes down to the cell, DNA, and genes. All organisms are composed of cells; it is the…

When the students ' DNA information’s is registered on the computer, anyone can see the students’ information. The internet has become part of daily people activity, so the students’ privacy exposed to third parties. According to Jeremy Gruber, president of the Council for…

meaning only a single gene needs to be altered in order to cause this disease (Huntington disease, 2016). If there is one parent affected, each child has a 50/50 chance of inheriting this disorder. The genetic defect is on chromosome 4 and causes the DNA sequence CAG trinucleotide to repeat more than it should. So instead of repeating 10 to 28 times, it repeats 36-120 times (Medline Plus, 2016).…

C-terminal domain contains a significantly deep cleft, with a considerable area to enable the binding of the B-DNA. The overall domain itself is shaped almost like a cupped right hand where, in this case, α-helices on either side of the cleft form the thumb and fingers, while the β sheet forms the palm of the hand. Q3) What secondary structures make up the…

Genetic Engineering is the modification of an organism 's genetic composition by artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits, or genes, from one organism into a plant or animal of an entirely different species. With this new, rapidly growing, technology we are now able to do things that we once thought were impossible. In Ethics and the New Genetics, the Dalai Lama addresses problems that we need to consider as we continue to explore this microscopic world that we have…

important aspect of CRISPR is the Cas-9 protein which functions as a nuclease (Doudna, Charpentier, 2015). A nuclease is “an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a phosphodiester bond of a nucleic acid,” in other words it can cut DNA (OED). Cas-9 can be used to cut DNA at any site with ease and simplicity, including in humans. This is where the problem with CRISPR begins. It can modify somatic and germ line cells efficiently and quickly. Somatic cells are all the cells in the body except…

treatments (Wiki.com). History shows that modification of food itself due to humans has been around since 12,000 BC with the domestication of crops and artificial selection. Genetic engineering on the other hand was the result of direct transfer of DNA from one organism to another by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973. The first genetically altered plant was a tobacco plant in 1983 followed by various trials and in 1994 the first marketed food on grocery shelves was the…

What is Genetically Modified Food? Genetically modified (GM) foods are defined as "foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism" (WHO, 2015). Genetic engineering (also called modern biotechnology or gene technology) performs this modification. The specific genes selected from one organism are transferred to another within different species such as animals,…

Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs, as they are more commonly referred to, over the past 40 years have slowly become an integral part of society. A GMO is a “an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering” (Stoub 2015). Mainly, GMOs are used in the agricultural field specifically in the area involving the production of high demand crops. Because GMOs facilitate the growing of popular crops, they have been dubbed as a saving grace that…

It is the genetic instructions for how as aspect of a person develops. A genotype for a specific trait is inherited from the parents. The environment can influence the phenotype through Epigenetics. The environment can physically alter a DNA sequence or it can influence gene expression. A trait that was once supposed to be present is suppressed by an environmental factor. The phenotype is often not influenced in one way or another; there is a range oh phenotypes that result from an environmental…