Distillation

Beer was an integral part of their religious ceremonies and mythology. Early civilizations found the mood-altering properties of beer supernatural, and the newfound state of intoxication was considered divine. Beer, it was thought, must contain a spirit or god, since drinking the liquid so possessed the spirit of the drinker. Remnants of this belief persist to modern times. We still refer to alcohol and alcoholic beverages as “spirits”. “The mouth of a perfectly happy man is filled with beer”,…

products separated by using their different chemical properties. For the second experiment, benzaldehyde ethylene acetal is formed when the reaction done under acidic environment. Through this experiment will show us how to obtain products by using distillation and separation. Experimental set-up: Experiment (A): Experiment (B): (A.1) (B.1) (B.2) (B.3) PART(A) Cannizzaro reaction: Procedure: 1) In order to prepare ethanolic…

it. Multiple trials were carried out because the wrong method of distillation was used. At the first trial, simple distillation was used and the result wasn’t as expected. The boiling point of the alcohol product wasn’t the boiling point of the expected alcohol 2-methyl-2-pentanol. The boiling point of 2-methyl-2-pentanol is 120-122oC (ref.6); however, the boiling point of the alcohol product was about 76-80oC. Simple distillation is useful if the difference between 2 products boiling point is…

One such way of removing caffeine includes distillation, distillation is possible between the two as they have a distance of over 50 degrees Celsius in boiling points. Water has a boiling point of 100 degrees Celsius and caffeine has a boiling point of 178 degrees Celsius. This means if the solution is heated…

amount of PX+MA is about 80% of EA with the same number of stages. For example, when the number of stages is n=15, the required solvent to feed ratio were S/F= 2.62 and 2.78 for PX+MA and PX+EA, respectively. To minimize the energy on the subsequent distillation column, the required solvent must be minimized. However, a high number of the stage of extractor column also leads to more capital cost. As described in Fig. 2, when the number of stages increases from 6 to 15, there is a significant…

technique that was used in this experiment was a distillation, which is a method for separating mixtures, in this case, based on boiling points. Since the components used (water and pinacol solution) are immiscible, each component acts independently, the boiling point of the mixture should be below the boiling point of the lowest boiling component.2 The boiling point of water is 100C while the boiling point of pinacol is 106C, so the distillation was stopped at 100C. An aqueous layer and a…

The percent yield was low and states that the amount of limonene isolated from the orange peels was very small. A practical reason that may explain the low percent yield can be that there was human error when trying to collect limonene from steam distillation. There is also the possibility that there was some limonene present in the orange peels solution during the extraction stage. Some of the oil could also have been deemed lost during the decantation of the limonene in the separation portion…

Some of them are reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, low temperature distillation, membrane distillation, pressure retarded osmosis, biomimetic and grapheme membrane, and solar desalination. In the mid 1900’s, commonly used techniques of desalination involved distillation and evaporation. Solar desalination relies on the sun’s energy to create water vapor, which produces condensation of fresh water. Similar to the…

Tequila: Where It Comes From and How It’s Made Whiskey, Vodka, Rum, these are some of the alcoholic beverages that can be produced anywhere in the world. Tequila, however, is only cultivated, distilled and aged from a certain part of Mexico. Tequila is only made in Jalisco, Mexico. Only the spirit made from blue agave, grown in Jalisco, Mexico can be labeled as Tequila. There are two versions of tequila, añejo and reposado. Each of these versions are made sure that they are aged the correct…

titration method which involves the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid and then titrating the residue with sodium thiosulfate, which would then be used to calculate the number of moles of ethanol present in the original sample. The method of distillation involves heating the samples to the boiling point of ethanol causing it to evaporate from the liquid and then measuring the volume of ethanol evolved and comparing it with the original volume. And the density method involves measuring the…