Distillation

The procedure for Lab 5 contained four parts. For Part A, a clean, dry 100 mL beaker was obtained and filled with 60 mL of distilled water. Next, the beaker was placed on a ring stand with a thermometer attached to the ring stand to record the temperature of the water. After the thermometer had been in the water for two minutes, the temperature was recorded. Following the recording of the temperature, a 10 mL pipet and a bulb was used to pipet 10.00 mL of distilled water into a clean, dry,…

The solvent systems separated fluorene and 9-fluorenone based on their difference in structure and polarity. The petroleum ether solvent system was helpful in washing away anything that was hydrophobic since it’s nonpolar, and it essentially washed off most of the fluorene since fluorene is not as polar as 9-fluorenone. The solvent system with a mixture between Dichloromethane and petroleum ether allowed the yellow band to be eluted off the column because polar solvents such as Dichloromethane…

The objective of this lab was to brominate a hydrocarbon by converting 2,3-dimethyl butane to 2,3-dibromo-2,3-dimethyl-butane through crystallization. In order to verify the purity and the identity of the product two tests were done, one was using melting point and the other was NMR. The melting point range found in this test was between 138°C-175°C, whereas the ideal melting point for the product was 168°C. Based off of the melting point range, it can be assumed that the product had formed…

Experiment 2. Steam Distillation The Isolation of the natural product trans-cinnamaldehyde from Cinnamon bark Abstract: This experiment aims at separating cinnamaldehyde from the cinnamon bark. A mixture of volatile and non-volatile elements is separated through the steam distillation method with temperature being below 100 oC. Moreover, the method is used to extract essential oils. The cinnamaldehyde will be conveyed up with the distillate, observed as an emulsion on the condensed vapor. It…

assigned entrance specifications of 50 kmol/hr, 25˚C, and 1 atm. ChemCAD simulations allowed us to analyze the different methods of distillation in order to create an optimal process. It was left up to us to decide how many columns to use, the topology of these columns, number of trays, feed stream location, and many other variables that are used in the design of distillation processes. For the first column in each process, we were asked to perform calculations in Excel in order to compare them…

lower temperature. Figure 5 DIstillation under Reduced Pressure STEAM DISTILLATION Steam distillation is a special type of distillation used for temperature sensitive materials like natural aromatic compounds which are insoluble in water, but volatile in steam. The non-volatile impurities are left behind in the flask. It once was a popular laboratory method for purification of organic compounds, but has become obsolete by vacuum distillation. Figure 6 Steam Distillation EXTRACTION WITH A…

whereas the antimicrobial activity will be determined using disc diffusion method. Hydrodistillation is used in the extraction of EOs from the C. nardus leaves. Hydrodistillation divided into three types, which are water distillation, water and steam distillation and direct steam distillation. However,…

In the atmospheric distillation, the separation bases at the boiling points for liquid components while the separation bases in vacuum distillation at very low pressure flashing points. The two units can accommodate different types of feedstocks (light and heavy oil) with operation adjusting, therefore, it’s the most flexible unit in…

Grignard reaction of phenyl bromide and magnesium, followed by the addition of 2- butanone yielded a crude product of 2-phenyl-2-butanol. The 1H NMR spectra was taken before distillation, showing the crude product, as well as after distillation, showing one of greater purity. In addition, an IR spectrum was taken after distillation. Both the 1H NMR and IR spectra support the conclusion that the product is 2-phenyl-2-butanol. The crude and distilled spectra show alcohol at approximately the…

PE2008 – Phase Equilibrium Thermodynamics Assignment Kayleigh Tobin – 114378781 Separation of Water and Pyridine by Distillation.________________________ (1) Water – H2O • Density: 1,000 kg/m³ • Boiling point: 100 °C • Molar mass: 18.01528 g/mol • Melting point: 0 °C • Formula: H2O • IUPAC ID: Water, Oxidane Water is the most abundant compound on the planet’s surface. Water exists naturally in a liquid, solid and gaseous form. The liquid phase of water is the most common. The solid phase…