Dissociation constant

curve that shows how the pH changes when the titrant is being added. Buffer solution: buffer solution is simply a mixture that contains either a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It is used for keeping the pH constant in a solution. Standardization: If there is an unknown solution, titration which is used for identifying the concentration of a known solution to find out the unknown solution’s concentration is called standardization. 2) Necessaries for a…

Data Calculated from Experiment Solid-Liquid Weight (g) Solid-Liquid % Recovery Liquid-Liquid Weight (g) Liquid-Liquid % Recovery Acid 0.01 20 % 0.028 56 % Phenol 0.011 22 % 0.001 2 % Amine 0.013 26 % 0.005 10 % Neutral 0.03 60 % 0.026 52 % Table 1 shows the data obtained from this experiment of both the solid-liquid extraction (on the left side of the table) and the liquid-liquid extraction method (on the right side of the table). It shows that in the solid-liquid extraction, most of the…

Introduction Many biological processes are pH dependent, to illustrate, stomach is at a relatively lower pH than other organs for proper function of digestive enzymes. In particular, buffer is essential for maintaining cellular functions. For instance, protein intake and metabolism generates about 70mM of H+ daily (Silverthorn, Johnson, Ober, Garrison, & Silverthorn, 2012), which could lower pH of human blood to as low as 3. To limit the drastic change in blood pH, human body has three buffer…

Discussion of Results and Scientific Explanation To achieve the goal of determining an unknown acid or base, anion and cation test were performed. These tests allowed for the components of the solutions to be identified, therefore, achieve the second goal. The pH was also used in to help find the identity of the unknown solutions and it was used to draw conclusions about the solutions. Dilutions were used to help understand the different behaviors of different concentrations. Household items…

Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a water to resist changes in pH. Alkalinity in water is due to the presence of weak acid systems that consume by hydrogen ion produced by other reactions, allowing chemical or biological activities to take place within a water without changing the pH (1). In this way the alkalinity protects aquatic life. The measured value may vary considerably with the end-point pH used. Alkalinity is a measure of an aggregate property of water and can be interpreted…

Titrations of a strong acid or base with a weak acid or base yield results that greatly differ then a strong-strong titration. The strong-weak titrations allow for an in depth analysis of the half-equivalence point as well as buffers. The half equivalence point allows the calculation of pH from pKa, as they are both equal at the half equivalence point, proven by the Henderson Hasslbach equation. It was Henderson in 1908 that created an equation allowing for the logarithmic calculation for pH…

Titrating Vinegar with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Introduction Acids are anions that have at least one hydrogen cation tacked onto their molecular formulas. The Bronsted definition of an acid states that acid is a proton, H+, donor.3 Acids can fall into one of two categories: they can be strong or weak. Strong acids completely dissociate their H+ and weak acids only partially dissociate their H+.3 This means that a strong acid cannot return to its initial state once it undergoes a reaction. On the…

Background One of my project this semester was to improve the Cresyl Violet (CV) staining protocol used in the laboratory. Cresyl Violet is a dye used to stain brain tissues and it is commonly used in histological sectioning. The dye is basic and therefore it binds to ribosomes that are RNA rich and nuclei of cells, which are acidic. Also, the dye leaves a purple color on the stained neuronal tissues. For the purpose of most of our studies, Cresyl Violet staining is used to analyze the lesion…

Title: To what extent does strong and weak acids differ in affecting the course of titrations. Introduction: The real life application that comes from this experiment links to agriculture. In the past decade, industrial dumping has become a controversial topic. Dumping hazardous wastes into river, ocean, and soil has resulted in a dramatic change in pH of the non-renewable resources and leads to a destruction in the ecosystem. Specially in agriculture, crops cannot grow in acidic soil, so it is…

The Determination of the Properties of Acids and Bases Using the Acetic Acid and Sodium Acetate Buffer System Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to explore some of the properties of the acetic acid and sodium acetate buffer system, such as the greatest buffering capacity and the acid and base neutralization ability of several different concentrations of this buffer. Reagents The reagents used were the following: 0.10 M acetic acid, 0.010 M acetic acid, 0.60 M acetic acid, 0.60 M…