Dilution

Ethics of Homeopathic Medicine Homeopathic medicine is a subset of complementary and alternative medicine founded by Samuel Hahnemann in the 19th century. It is based on the principle similia similibus curentur or like cures like. The foundation of this type of medicine is that any substance that can produce the symptoms of a disease in a healthy person can cure those symptoms in a sick person (NCCIH 2016). The effectiveness of homeopathic medicine has been extensively argued and physicians…

methanol to yield final concentration of 100µg/mL. A series of standard solutions of concentrations in the range of 0.2-75µg/mL were obtained by further dilution of the aliquots with methanol. . 20µLof the solutions prepared was taken, and…

identified for the growth of Av. paragallinarum. Secondly, the media used in disc diffusion and broth dilution testing need to be validated. This validation process is completed by performing disc diffusion and broth dilution testing of quality control strain on candidate agar or broth. Then, the antimicrobial sensitivity of Av. paragallinarum can be tested on validated media, by both disc diffusion and dilution method. Any antibiotic resistance shown in the tests will be recorded and analysed.…

Aristocracies are placed lower on the list of harshness than oligarchies because their power was more diluted. The oligarchs were very small groups, the aristocracy was an entire ruling social class. This dilution reduces their individual and collective control over the populace, so more has to be given to “the people” to retain their fealty. The aristocracy had to extend certain rights (mainly property rights) to the farmers and other working class people…

An experiment was carried out to determine the percent of 100 percent cranberry juice in cranberry apple juice. This experiment is significant in everyday chemistry because it is the job of many chemists, in regulatory agencies such as the FDA, to quantitatively determine if the ingredients listed on the label of a substance are actually in that substance. Cranberry juice has particular qualities that are not found in other juices. The quality studied in this experiment was color. Cranberry…

During 1938 in Switzerland, a man by the name of Dr. Albert Hofmann, discovered Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in the pharmaceutical-chemical department of Sandoz Laboratories. Hoffman hoped that this drug could be used to stimulate circulation and respiration, though this idea fortunately failed. He soon had forgotten about the new found drug, and didn’t utilize it for the next five years. In 1943, he continued to observe the drug, and by accidentally ingesting LSD he later experienced some…

TERMINOLOGY CLINICAL CLARIFICATION 9 • Systemic sclerosis (SSe) is a chronic autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown cause which causes tightening of skin and connective tissue CLASSIFICATION 1 • Systematic sclerosis is clinically classified into two subsets: diffuse cutaneous systematic sclerosis and limited cutaneous systematic sclerosis DIAGNOSIS CLINICAL PRESENTATION • History o Systemic sclerosis shows marked clinical heterogeneity, has protean clinical manifestations, and…

3.1 MATERIALS Kinnow: Kinnow used in this study were procured from local market of Hisar. Identical cultivar, color and source were selected in an attempt to minimize variability in carotenoids and ascorbic acid contents which were associated with variety, color and growing conditions. Procured kinnow samples were fresh, mature, fully ripened and were free from any spot and blemishes. Chemicals: All chemicals used during study were of analytical grade (AR) and were supplied by Qualigens…

performed. These tests allowed for the components of the solutions to be identified, therefore, achieve the second goal. The pH was also used in to help find the identity of the unknown solutions and it was used to draw conclusions about the solutions. Dilutions were used to help understand the different behaviors of different concentrations. Household items were used to help apply basic theories about acids and bases such as pH. The titration curves were evaluated to help determine which…

Ketorolac tromethamine is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits analgesic activity in animal models. The mechanism of action of Ketorolac, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but may be related to prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. The biological activity of Ketorolac tromethamine is associated with the S-form. Ketorolac tromethamine possesses no sedative or anxiolytic properties. The peak analgesic effect of Ketorolac tromethamine occurs within 2 to 3…