Dilution

Introduction: Antibiotic sensitivity testing is used in clinical laboratories to predict the effectiveness or failure of antibiotics in vivo by testing in vitro. The need for antibiotic sensitivity testing is urgent due to the surge of antimicrobial resistant pathogens in recent years. Antimicrobial resistance hinders the prevention and treatment of the infections caused by parasites, bacteria, fungi and viruses. Antimicrobial resistance is the resistance of a pathogen to an antimicrobial that…

their ability to grow without the presence of tryptophan. The plates underwent UV tests on two different types of agars, synthetic complete medium (SC) and synthetic dropout medium (SD). Each agar had seven separate petri dishes that contained a 10-4 dilution. The seven petri dishes of the SC and seven petri dishes of SD agars were exposed to differing amounts of UV radiation, each time interval including one SD and one SC plate. The cultures were allowed to grow for one week, and then were…

was marked with 1.0 cm2 space on an aluminum based TLC sheet (Merck silica gel 60F254) and a stock solution of all the extracts together with the standard were prepared in methanol. A series of dilutions of the stock together with the standard were prepared ranging from 400 µL to 0.01µL for the last dilution. The grid on the TLC sheet was labeled with extract on the horizontal axis and amount of extract on the vertical axis. The extracts of different concentrations and the standards were…

Sketchers USA Inc. Background On September 14th, 2015, Plaintiff A (Plaintiff Adidas America Inc.) filed a complaint of trademark infringement, trade dress infringement, unfair competition, deceptive trade practices and trademark and trade dress dilution, against Defendant S (Sketchers USA Inc.). Plaintiff A put forward such claims due to the assertion of belief that throughout the years, Defendant S had knowingly and continuously produced shoes designs which possessed jarringly similar to…

Measurement of glutathione Glutathione (GSH) is a ubiquitous tripeptide which serves several vital functions including detoxifying electrophiles, scavenging free radicals and providing a reservoir for cysteine. The sulfhydryl group of GSH reduces 5-5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and form the yellow colour product 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid (TNB)21. Measurement of the absorbance of TNB at 412 nm provides an accurate estimation of GSH in the sample. Figure 7. Materials 5×105 cells/mL…

known copper (II) sulfate solutions, four copper (II) sulfate solutions that were created by dilution, and one unknown copper (II) sulfate solution. The purpose of this experiment was to help students learn how to use the Spec-20, learn about the relationship between absorbance and concentration known as the Beer- Lambert law and see the relationship between moles, volume and molarity. The serial dilution technique was also used to dilute solutions to a lower concentration. The main goal of this…

The CuSO4(aq) solution was then diluted to 0.4 M by placing 8 mL of the solution and 2 mL of DI water into the beaker. The metal strips were reconnected to their respectful alligator clips and the voltage was recorded once more. The dilutions were repeated using 0.3 M, 0.2 M, and 0.1 M CuSO4(aq) , each time being cleaned before replaced. The metal strips were cleaned again and the beaker solutions were recreated using the another 10 mL of each solution. The same process of recording the…

organisms through catalysis of reactions that keep them alive and functioning. The purpose of this experiment was to measure reaction activity over time and how substrate concentration affects their activity level. A supernatant was made through the dilution of blended potato extract. Then the supernatant was mixed with catechol and the reaction rate was measured in units of absorbance through a spectrophotometer every 30 seconds for ten minutes. The results supported the prediction that enzyme…

time. However, the sample could be diluted more, using a dilution other than 10-6, such as 10-8. By using a more diluted sample, the number of colonies may be less plentiful, thus allowing for an easier count of the colonies on each plate or possibly only allowing for growth on the 37°C, as it is suggested to be the most optimal temperature for growth (Piispanen, 2017, Fall Lecture). By decreasing the number of bacterium in the starting dilution, it may allow only the plate incubated at the…

Laboratory Diagnosis Monitoring Parameters • Tourniquet Test Acts as an emergency diagnostic tool whereby formation of more than 20 petechiae per square inch indicates a positive tourniquet test. A circle of 2.5 cm in diameter may be drawn and the number of petechiae in it is counted. More than five petechiae indicates positive test. • Complete Blood Cell Count Blood tests present with lowered total white blood cell, platelet and neutrophil counts and a 20% or more increase in haematocrit…