Diffraction

Spray pyrolysis is basically a thermal reaction between clusters of the liquid/vapor-atoms of different chemical species. The spray pyrolysis technique involves spraying of aqueous solution in spray form containing a decomposable salt solution of the constituent atoms. The experimental setup used in the present study is described elsewhere [21]. CdO thin films with different Cr- doping concentrations were deposited on ultrasonically cleaned microscopic glass substrates. The appropriate quantity…

structure. This method uses diffraction patterns, as well as areas of constructive interference to determine the physical characteristics of a molecular specimen. In this case, the value d would represent the distance between the atoms within the structure.2 Chemists can then use this information to understand not only the structural components, but how these components play a role in the chemistry of the material. This part of the experiment shows how point sources and diffraction can be used…

Radio waves will carry data bits at the same rate as the frequency; higher frequencies will yield higher data rates. Frequency determines wavelength and all frequencies are affected by diffraction when passing through openings, higher frequencies will spread less but are unable to travel around objects. To achieve higher rates of data transmission, a higher frequency with a shorter wavelength is needed, such as microwaves, which are measured…

Transmission electron microscopy, or TEM, is a variation of low field, high-powered electron microscopy. Created by Ernest Ruska and Max Knoll of the Berlin Technische Hochschule in 1931, the invention of this novel microscope allowed for the surpassing of the visible light resolution barrier. Since its inception, the TEM has become a resolution standard in the field of imagery, and further advances have led to the progression of high quality atomic viewing. The development of the electron…

dimensions of CuMnOx catalysts prepared in reactive calcination condition were done by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) technique. It was carried out to identify the crystalline size and coordinate dimensions present on the surface layer of the catalysts. XRD patterns of CuMnOx catalyst produced by reactive calcination…

attended Newnham College in 1938 where she studied chemistry. Upon graduating she worked with Jacques Mering who taught her X-ray diffraction which would later on play a role in her discovery of the DNA structure. In January 1951 Franklin began working under director John Randall at the King's College London in the biophysics unit, where she used her expertise in X-ray diffraction…

Coulter Counter Method. Schematic Diagram Diagram 1: The basic setup of coulter counter method. Test tube containing conducting fluid placed in the beaker containing same conducting fluid. Orifice in the test tube connect the circuit. Electrodes are placed in beaker and test tube and voltage is applied. Vacuum is applied in the test tube to allow fluid movement from beaker to test tube. Counting circuit will calculate the amount of particle and pulse height analyser will measure the particle…

which helps England in the war. When the war is over, Rosalind is offered a position at one of the best labs in Paris where she will prefect her experiment with x-ray diffraction. Rosalind decides to return to England to do her work. She is offered a position at King’s College to study the structure of proteins with her x-ray diffraction. Before leaving Paris, she was written by the director of the college in England saying her focus was changed to…

Graphical representations of passive forces produced an exponential relationship between length and the associated force; yielding a maximum of 39.86mN at 57mm. Visualisation and measurement of sarcomere microstructure were conducted through laser diffraction of the sample stretched to optimal length of 49mm. Fringe spacing of 100mm at a laser situated at a distance of 500mm produced determined sarcomere lengths of 3.17μm. The observations and recorded values at…

Paragraph 1 Sphalerite and wurtzite are the two polymorphs of Zinc Sulphide (ZnS). Sphalerite follows the space group F-43m, wurtzite is of the space group P63mc, and both polymorphs have the same formula of (Zn, Fe)S. The crystal chemical relationship between the two can be discussed by looking at the capability of transformation between the two polymorphs, known as polymorphism. This is due to the same SnS4 polyhedral found in both. Yet even though this is so, the two differ when we look at…