Diethylstilbestrol

Diethylstilbestrol In 1938, a biochemist named Sir Edward Charles Dodds succeeded in creating the first synthesized estrogen, a feat that scientists had been trying to accomplish for many years. Between 1940 and 1971, a drug called Diethylstilbestrol (known as DES) was prescribed by thousands of physicians to pregnant women to prevent different types of complications associated with pregnancy, including miscarriages and stillbirths (Abboud, 2015). DES is a synthetic form of estrogen that reached between 5 and 10 million people as physicians of the time believed that women who suffered pregnancy complications had lower levels of estrogen. They prescribed this synthetic form originally to raise estrogen levels. (“DES Exposure: Questions and…

Incompetent Cervix 1. American Pregnancy defines this as the premature opening up of the cervix as the baby grows larger putting more pressure on the cervix, which leads to premature birth or miscarriage. 2. Some risk factors, as listed by Mayo Clinic, include uterine abnormalities, genetic disposition, exposure to diethylstilbestrol (synthetic estrogen), trauma from a previous difficult birth, or trauma from a previous D&C. 3. According to the Baby Center, some people show no symptoms, while…

that a woman >65 years of age with previous normal pap smear results will develop precancerous lesion or cancer cervix. This is because HPV virus(virus causing cervical cancer is a latent virus, which can take 20-30 years to develop into a high grade dysplasia, which is a precursor to cancer of the cervix. However, these women should resume Pap screening if their risk factors increase, the main one being a new sexual partner. But women who had never had a pap test done before had higher…

The first form of pre-implantation procedures, taking place in Britain in 1990, was restricted from using the science in any way that could be perceived as unethical. These procedures were developed to help parents bear children free of harmful inherited conditions, known as "pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).” The PGD process begins with a test-tube evaluation of an embryo, removing any embryos containing a harmful disease. The embryos determined to be clear of any detrimental conditions…

4. Discuss the experiences of women with DES. DES, standing for diethylstilbestrol, was an estrogen-based medication used for prophylaxis of premature labor, miscarriages, and abortions that was marketed in the mid-20th century. Additionally, DES was used to regulate menopause, suppress lactating after pregnancy, as a “Plan B” pill, and for acne and height regulation in young girls. The DES Daughters were the women who were exposed to the drug before being born when it was on market, between…

In addition, the psychological effects of being asked to come back for further testing due to the possibility of having cervical cancer can be substantial for the patient and families. These effects, as stated in the article, include anxiety, shame, low self-esteem, and the “perception of an increased risk of developing cancer in the future” (1024). Although this guideline has started a controversial debate, one thing to keep in mind is that older women still has the right to get screened if she…

proteins known as E6 and E7 which turn off some tumor suppressor genes. This can cause cervical lining cells to grow out of control and develop changes in additional genes, which will lead to cancer. Another cause of cervical cancer can be smoking. Researchers claim that female smokers are about twice as likely as non-smokers to get cervical cancer. The harmful substances found in tobacco prevent their immune system from effectively fighting with HPV infection, and damage the DNA of cervix cells…

risk factor for breast cancer. Changes in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause gynecological cancer. • Lack of physical activity: Yes, lack of physical activity increases the chances of breast cancer in women because of the excess weight fat dairy lymph nodes. It should participate in regular training sessions to reduce the risk of breast cancer. • Overweight: weight often indicates a weak immune system. For example, women with problems of obesity are more likely to develop gynecologic cancer.…

they have it. Some risk factors that increase a person’s chance of developing cervical cancer would be smoking, HIV, using birth control, and problems with the immune system. People with a family history of cervical cancer, or other infections may also have a greater risk to the disease. The average age that cervical cancer is diagnosed is 48, and is known to rarely affect people who are 20 years or younger. The type of cancer is known to be one of the most common causes of death among…

In fact, long before the diagnosis there are changes on a microscopic level that are setting the stage for one’s journey. Studies of synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) and endocrine disrupting chemicals such as bisphenol-A (BPA), suggest that exposure to these substances in utero predisposes one to breast cancer later in life (Soto, Brisken, Schaeberle, & Sonnenschein, 2013). Yet, it is not known exactly how these and other risk factors cause cells to become cancerous. What has been…