Dialectic of Enlightenment

Things have changed and definitely for the better. The Enlightenment' or 'Age of Reason' was an intellectual movement in thinking in 17th and 18th centuries,which moved society's thinking from religious thinking to rational thought. Rational and scientific thought had led to an improved society and human beings' way of life, The philosophes believed in common that human freedom was necessary to improve a society. John Locke, the English philosophe, strongly believed that individual freedom…

What was Enlightenment? Enlightenment was a movement in the 1700's that changed the whole society. It made people rethink their decisions on their religion choices and how the government worked; it caused people to think about equal rights and how people thought about slavery. Philosophers had a lot to do with the government while Enlightenment took place . Philosophers wanted self-government because they believed humans had the capability of reasoning and therefore have the competence to…

By Faith Fatisal Andong 4354552 Citizenship can be said to be a form of identity. The French revolutionaries labeled it as a means of equality. Every continent, country or nation has viewed citizenship in a different dimension, looking at citizenship from different angles. Citizenship is a technical process in terms of rights. It was born in a way of excluding others from a particular society or association and this makes it problematic because it became a struggle of association. Ethnicities…

John Locke and his idea of natural rights has been key in shaping our ideals as a government and as a country. Locke was born on August 29, 1632 in Wrington, United Kingdom. He grew to be a great scholar and philosopher, going on to voice the importance of our natural rights; life,liberty, and property. Locke believed that, by nature, all men were created to be free and equal. His idea went on to be written in the Declaration of Independence (written as “life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness”)…

1. Foucault The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, An Introduction In The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, An Introduction, Foucault traces a shift in both power and control and society’s connection to concept of “sex”. According to Foucault, people had the tendency to interpret and understand the history of sexuality in the 18th century in accordance to what he calls the “repressive hypothesis”. The repressive hypothesis postulates that from the time of the rise of the bourgeoisie, those in power…

because the peasants were taxed with nobility, church, and government taxes, and lastly enlightenment ideas because the bourgeoisie wanted more freedom. In France around the 1700’s the three estates (Clergy, Nobles, Bourgeoisie/Peasants) faced 3 different kinds of oppression, political, economic, and social oppression. The first estate known as the Clergy or the Catholic Church did not like the enlightenment ideas. The second estate were the nobles. They had 2% of the population but owned 20% of…

During the enlightenment many things happened. There were many French philosophers at the time for example Rousseau, Montesquieu, Diderot, Wollstonecraft, or Voltaire. Yet the ones that stood out the most were Diderot and Montesquieu. These two French philosophers impacted two completely different things but, it was a great impact. Diderot changed educational rights. On the other hand,…

The French Revolution had affected the whole of Europe in many ways. They had probably made other peasants in the other countries feel like they could also overthrow their government if they had a multitude of others to help them in their works. The revolution made others feel empowered, and think that if they joined forces they could wipe out monarchy as a whole. The revolution could’ve made the governments also fear for their own safety and protection. The governments probably started to…

In order to express the religious principle of ruling as the divinely appointed hero, Louis XIV fostered a French renaissance by becoming the most important patron of the arts. One of his most important commitments as a patron of the arts and letters was his organization of the royal academies in Paris that promoted progress in the arts, humanities, and sciences. Louis intensified the social value of intellectual and artistic talent in France (Brennan 21). Among the academies opened were the…

Marie Antoinette was born on November 2, 1755 in Vienna, Austria. She was the youngest daughter of King Francis I and Queen Marie Theresa of Austria. Though she was of noble birth and blood, Antoinette was not well educated with the exception of piano. She loved to play the harp but was considered by her tutors hard to educate. When she was nine years old, Antoinette lost her father. At the age of fourteen, Marie Antoinette was betrothed to Louis XVI of France where she reigned as the Queen of…