Diabetic retinopathy

Abstract - Retinal (eye fundus) images are widely used for diagnostic purpose by ophthalmologists. The normal features of eye fundus images include optic nerve disc (OD), fovea, and blood vessels. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is common diabetic disease condition that is caused to human eye. Early detection of DR is crucial to prevent blindness. This paper proposes an algorithm to develop an automated system to analyze the retinal images for extraction of exudates which are the elemental and initial signs of DR by eliminating optic disc (OD) and blood vessels having similar characteristic with exudates. Blood vessels are segmented using Multi-Level Adaptive Thresholding. OD is segmented using Morphological operations. Hard exudates are extracted…

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), which affects approximately one-third of the 29 million Americans with diabetes mellitus (DM), is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in US working-age adults. Our lab has previously shown a link between specific European mitochondrial haplogroups and DR severity, but not the presence of DR. A follow-up study by the lab showed that higher glycosylated hemoglobin is a proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) risk factor only in DR patients from mitochondrial…

All You Need To Know About Diabetic Retinopathy Evidently, people living with diabetes may have to deal with several health complications ranging from mild to severe. These complications can either be long-term or short-term, and can impact on the patient's overall health. Basically, different parts of the patient's body can be affected including the eyes, heart, kidneys and nerves. However, according to a recent study by the National Eye Institute, diabetic retinopathy has become one of the…

Natural history of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy progresses from mild nonproliferative abnormalities, characterized by increased vascular permeability, to moderate and severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), characterized by vascular closure, to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by the growth of new blood vessels on the retina and posterior surface of the vitreous. Macular edema, characterized by retinal thickening from leaky blood vessels, can…

About 66% of type 1 diabetics have some form of neuropathy. [4] Diabetic neuropathy occurs in the peripheral nervous system which affects the afferent and efferent pathways of both the autonomic and somatic nervous systems. Neuropathies in the autonomic nervous system can negatively affect every body system. Complications such as incontinence, impotence, decreased tolerance to exercise and gastroparesis. This will interfere with the body’s constant functions to maintain homeostasis.…

microvascular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the diabetic population are linked to the duration of the disease. Diabetic retinopathy occurs both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nearly all type 1 and 75% of type 2 DM will develop DR after 15 year duration of diabetes.(25) During the first two decades of disease, nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and >60% of patients with type 2 diabetes have retinopathy.(26) It is estimated that 15 to 25% of the diabetic…

How to Reduce the Incidences of Diabetic Retinopathy The issue that was being researched was reducing diabetic retinopathy through controlling blood sugars, medication compliance, and regular eye exams. Educating diabetic patients on the importance of taking care of their diabetes is a crucial part in the process to prevent long term effects of diabetic retinopathy. The population being researched is adults 18 to 75 years of age, with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients had…

history, basic patient information, and list of medications currently being taken. Next, both groups will take a survey to see what they already know and do not know about diabetes and management. Then the intervention group will start to implement the new ways to care for their diabetes, which they will be closely monitored in an inpatient facility. This study will take one year to complete to ensure that the participants do intake, educational program, receive and implement treatment plan, do…

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among adults worldwide. DR is a progressive disease affecting both type I and type II diabetic patients at any stage of the disease, and targets the macrovascular and microvascular systems of the retina. DR results from multiple biochemical, molecular and pathophysiological changes to the retinal vasculature which affect both microcirculatory functions and ultimately photoreceptor…

Ways of Administration - Bendamustine Hydrochloride Bendamustine act as an injection for patient suffers this disease. It is injected into the intravenous vein IV. The amount of bendamustine depends on many factors, such as height and weight of the patient, general health or health problems, and medication taking before the treatment. Before the treatment start, recombine the bendamustine only with the sterile water. Compatible the admixture with diluents other that sterile water…