Diabetic neuropathy

Chronic Renal Disease: J.H. and ESRD J. H. is a 55-year-old African American male who presented himself to the Emergency Department with a progressively worsening headache. He had a blood pressure (BP) of 233/134, with complaints of regular abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting and shortness of breath with exertion. Alert and oriented, he stated non-compliance with his BP medications and refusal to do dialysis since his initial diagnosis. Pathophysiology ESRD is the fifth and final stage…

A detailed patient history is taken which includes introductory information, chief complaints past history, current health status, family/social history, psychosocial history ((Frowen and Neale, 2010).Gathering a full medical history is pivotal as certain medication can compromise and impair the immune system. (SMAE,2016) all medication, prescribed and over the counter medicine. Vitamins, allergies such as hay fever, eczema, asthma, or latex. normal daily activities (Frowen and Neale, 2010).past…

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute rapid complication caused by hyperglycemia. Body fat starts to break down for energy resulting in a build-up of ketones in the blood and urine. Meanwhile, the ketones are like poison in the body causing it more acidic…

Today I have the pleasure of working with a client named Mrs. Reyes, a 75-year-old female of Hispanic descent. She is a non-insulin diabetic, who lives alone, but has regular visits from her children and grandchildren. Mrs. Reyes has been admitted as a result of an acute change in mental status, and secondary with a diagnoses of a urinary tract infection and dehydration. Mrs. Reyes has a history of many falls at home previous to being admitted therefore she is a fall risk. I am nervous about how…

becomes incapable of regulating blood sugar level. This results in several chronic complications to develop in the body, including the most prevalent Diabetic Neuropathies, along with vascular disease, slow healing and diminished response to infection over time (Brem, Sheehan & Boulton 2004). Due to severe damage of nerve cells throughout the body, diabetic patients lose their ability to sense over time, especially in the feet. Hence, their gaits on standing and during walking differ…

ABSTRACT Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness among adults worldwide. DR is a progressive disease affecting both type I and type II diabetic patients at any stage of the disease, and targets the macrovascular and microvascular systems of the retina. DR results from multiple biochemical, molecular and pathophysiological changes to the retinal vasculature which affect both microcirculatory functions and ultimately photoreceptor…

of pancreas. Those reducing the glucose level in blood, insulin hormone deposit glucose in liver, muscles and adipose tissue. Secretion makes hypoglycemia. Lack of insulin leads to diabetic mellitus. Treatment by insulin injection or tablets. Leads to may complications. Ex: eye- glucoma Peripheral neuropathy. Myocardial infection. Recurrent wound infection. Glucagon: Glucagon is the peptide hormone which secreted by alpha cells of pancreas. When the glucose level will…

Though, it may happen if on oral medications because their body is not adjusted to it. Not treating severe hypoglycemia can make a diabetic injured, induce a coma, or even death. Severe hypoglycemia has the potential to cause accidents, injuries, coma, and death. Treatment for Hypoglycemia If you are diabetic or treating a diabetic experiencing these symptoms and a blood sugar cannot be checked, treat the hypoglycemia instead of waiting to check a blood sugar. Treatment is: 1. Eating…

DM is a group of metabolic disorders which characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in either insulin secretion, action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia associated with DM resulting in long term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different body organs especially the kidneys, the eyes, the nerves, the heart, and the blood vessels. T1DM is defined as a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas. This occurs due to…

Lesser toe deformities What are the common deformities of the lesser toes? The most common deformities affecting the lesser toes are- Hammertoes, mallet toes, and claw toes. What is a Mallet toe? Mallet toe deformity is characterized by a flexion deformity of the Distal Interphalangeal joint (DIP joint) of the toe. It usually involves the longest lesser toe. It could be due to a congenital or developmental anomaly. The most common cause of an adult onset mallet toe is due to lack of room for the…