Diabetes mellitus

The purpose of the homeostatic system is to maintain a stable environment despite fluctuations in the external environment, homeostasis meaning ‘same state’. Glucose homeostasis refers to maintaining blood glucose levels in the human body. Glucose is one of the most important energy sources. For various tissues in the body, such as the brain, glucose is the only substance used. It is important that there is a continuous supply of glucose for this reason. For homeostasis of the internal…

Ever since the beginning of the sugar trade, slavery has been a defining characteristic. First originating in India, the sugar trade quickly became a lucrative and successful industry for merchants and sailors. In the early 1500s, the sugar trade expanded with the discovery of the “New World,” also known as the Americas. Large portions of land in the tropical regions of Central and South America were subdued to become sugarcane plantations. At this time, the native inhabitants of the regions, as…

and without this glucose would not enter the cells of the body and blood sugar levels would rise in the blood, resulting in hyperglycemia. This process of high sugar in the blood without metabolism will eventually develop into Diabetes Mellitus. There are two types of Diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Either the body becomes autoimmune and starts destroying the beta cells of the pancreas, thus no insulin produced, or the cells of the body become resistant to the insulin or the production of insulin…

Kannel, Silbershatz, & D'Agostino, 1999). Central obesity contributes to chronic diseases such as: insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia and has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (isomaa 2001, kannel 1992, lee s 2006, hanson 2002) (58-62). Waist circumference is a measurement that reflects the amount of adipose tissue deposits as well as total fat mass, providing a measure of body fat distribution. (Zhu S, 2002).…

Introduction Insulin is the biological chemical that works as an effect to lower blood glucose levels in the blood. It consists of two amino acid chain linked together by disulfide bonds. It is released by beta cells of the pancreatic cells. The beta cell releases this protein when it senses a rise in our blood sugar level or after we have just eaten. After being made by the beta cells in the pancreas, insulin travels down to the body 's tissue cells to be taken up by the body 's cell. Insulin…

Insulin was discovered in year 1921 by Banting and Best after a lot of controversy over it, for patients suffering from Diabetes Mellitus (DM) [1]. Islets were described by Paul Langerhans, a German medical scientist but couldn’t correlate any function for them. Crystalline Insulin was prepared by John Jacob Abel of Johns Hopkins University in 1926. Later in 1950, Frederick Sanger determined the molecular structure of Insulin for which he was awarded with a Nobel Prize. In today’s era, Genetic…

The World Health Organization defines diabetes as a, “chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces” (2015). These disturbances in this balance between glucose and insulin can be found in various forms including type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Those diagnosed with type one diabetes can be found predominantly in children to younger adults as the result of an…

Have you ever wondered why you are more susceptible to a cold than a classmate who may be of a different race? It may be a result of natural selection as it impacts people living in certain countries, making them able to withstand weather or deadly diseases in their environment. However, all good things come at a cost. In Survival of the Sickest, Dr. Sharon Moalem explains that certain diseases that might affect people later in life have actually guided human evolution, enabling the species to…

Chronic renal failure causes damages to all the major organs in the body. People affected by this disease usually have to get new kidneys from a donor or go to dialysis to be able to function. Many factors can cause the kidneys to shut down. Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the leading causes of renal failure. Other problems like hypertension, chronic obstruction of the kidney, frequent infections and autoimmune problems can lead to renal failure (Silvester, 2011). NANDA Nursing Diagnosis…

Arteriosclerosis Arteriosclerosis is a disease that affects the cardiovascular system. It occurs when the blood vessels stiffen and prevent blood and nutrients from circulating to the organs and other body parts. Many people consider it a heart problem, but it can affect the circulatory system in any part of the body. Symptoms of arteriosclerosis include chest pain, leg pain, numbness, poor circulation (cold hands or feet), leg cramps, blurred vision, and high blood pressure. However,…