Dermis

Venous Leg Ulcer and the calf-muscle pump Venous leg ulceration is defined as “an area of discontinuity of the epidermis and the dermis on the lower leg persisting for at least four weeks”. There are several aetiologies of leg ulcers but the most common are, chronic venous hypertension and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (Duff et al., 1999). Patients with venous leg ulcers have a dysfunction of the calf muscle pump (CMP) which is the main mechanism by which blood returns to the heart…

Calcium makes up 65% of a bone in a human body. The other 35% is collagen.*refer to diagram and explain…) Collagen occurs throughout the body, but especially in the skin, bones, and connective tissues. In the dermis or the middle layer of skin, collagen helps form a fibrous network of cells called fibroblasts, upon which new cells can grow. It also plays a role in replacing and restoring dead skin cells(McIntosh). Bones in our body are living tissue. They have…

Entonox is an analgesic gas that contains nitrous oxide and oxygen. The nitrous oxide allows for pain relief, while the oxygen is an added additional gas. Entonox is a commonly used drug in the pre-hospital setting worldwide for short term pain relief as it is a potent analgesic with a very rapid onset of action. Entonox is very safe to use and it is a self-administered drug with minimal side effects. During the reflection the author will discuss the effects of Entonox as an analgesic, the…

Cellulitis ‘is simply defined as an acute infection with inflammation of the skin involving the dermis and subcutaneous tissue’ as per Chambers (2013, pp. 1). The sympathetic nervous system and the inflammatory response within the human body are closely interrelated. Local inflammation caused at the site of Betty’s cellulitis activates immune cells…

electroporation of the stratum corneum enhances drug delivery into the epidermis; (viii) microneedles penetrate into the epidermis to deliver drugs. (C) Powder injection delivers dry drug powders into superficial skin layers (epidermis and superficial dermis). Source: Adapted from Mitragotri,…

infection. Those protective barriers include the skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory airways and lungs, nasopharynx, and the eyes. The skin does not provide a suitable environment for bacterial growth due to the presence of oil glands in the dermis layer, lack of blood vessels, and the inability to retain moisture (Mayer, online). The…

skin and Inflammation: Because it is high in oleic acid, avocado oil is the answer to itchy and inflamed skin. (2) Heal chapped skin: Considering the moisturising nature of avocado oil, the nutrients in the oil gets easily absorbed in the skin and dermis, thereby healing chapped skin. (3) Smoothening of Skin: Since avocado oil is rich in fatty acids and vit E, it helps in smoothening the skin and moisturising it too. (4) Replenish dry skin: Is your skin hungry for moisture, and…

Exploration of the Pathogenicity and Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis and Avoiding Comorbidity Plaque psoriasis, otherwise known as psoriasis vulgaris, is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the skin, nails, scalp and joints (Sidhom, E., Pilmane, M., & Kisis, J., 2016). Psoriasis affects approximately two percent of men and women worldwide, mainly between the ages of fifteen and thirty, and occurs in varying degrees of severity. Clinical manifestations are raised, red lesions with a…

Final Journal Assignment During the shadowing internship, there were plenty of opportunities to witness interesting cases that helped me to understand the field of dermatology. The first case I saw while shadowing was of a patient who presented with Proximal subungual onychomycosis under her toenails. Patient 1 Patient History/Present Illness: This patient, a middle aged women, presented with persistent, fungus under her toes. She…

Specialty Nurses throughout the world have various roles and positions. Depending the country, scope of practice may vary, and even within specialties scope of practice may vary. For instance, emergency room or trauma may have more autonomy than a more structured unit. One country may have nurses have full autonomy and can write orders, while others strictly follow provider orders. Nursing regulations vary greatly from country to country and even within specialty to specialty. Below is insight…