Democritus

What does it mean to say that brain states and processes are identical with the mental states and processes? Mention four objections to this theory along with Smart’s reply to the same. The brain-mind identity theory (also known as physicalism) claims that the mental states and processes are identical to the processes and states of the brain. This does not, however, imply that the mind is the brain or vice versa. For instance, in saying that ‘Tom has a good mind’, we are not referring to his…

They did not have the visions of Heaven and Hell as we do now. Specifically, the idea that living a good life will lead one to a pleasant afterlife and that living a bad or immoral life will lead one to an unpleasant afterlife. The ancient Greeks saw life after death as something only attainable through glory in their present lives. As Achilles said in the Iliad (1997 trans.), “If I hold out here and I lay siege to Troy, my journey home is gone, but my glory never dies. If I voyage back to the…