David Kellogg Lewis

In the essay “Possible Worlds: Why do Children Pretend?” by Alison Gopnik she explains her theory of counterfactual thinking and the result of that being possible worlds. Gopnik suggests that counterfactuals are the possibilities of what could have occurred in life. These counterfactuals are the cause, and the effect is the creation of possible worlds. Gopnik defines possible worlds as “the productions of hope and imagination” (163). Possible worlds are seen as the result of a counterfactual; they are the possibilities of what could have happened. Alison Gopnik also speaks on how knowledge and imagination coincide to form these possible worlds. According to Gopnik causal knowledge is knowing that because two things are connected you can figure out the outcome of one thing if you were to change the other. In addition to the use of imagination, a vision is formed. This vision, then in turns leads to the possibilities of what could occur if this vision is played out or not. Throughout Gopniks article, she ties knowledge and imagination together and how each one works on the other to create a possible world. From Gopniks theories people don’t live in the real world instead, they live in counterfactual thoughts. Having the ability to think about an event and the different ways it can play out is what gives humans evolutionary success. Gopnik claims “Counterfactual thinking lets us make new plans, invent new tools, and create new environments” (Gopnik 166). This quote shows the…

During this essay, I will explain why Lewis’s understanding of counterfactuals develops the need for transitivity, and argue that although the notion of causal transitivity is useful to us (and necessary under Lewis’s 1978 account of counterfactual analysis), Lewis himself fails to provide an adequate response to meaningful counterexamples against it. Finally, I will present and evaluate an alternative rebuttal to these counterexamples, concluding that the transitivity of causation is not as…

EGH318: Assessment 2: Impossible and Unnatural Text Worlds in The Five People You Meet in Heaven’ In order to understand and conceptualise all language we encounter, we construct mental representations. These representations; known as text worlds, may be shaped differently depending on the individual, but are a part of how all linguistically adequate people process language. It is these text worlds and how humans make sense of them that is the underlying focus of what has been coined; Text World…

Currently, Nestle Romania products are found on every shelf on every store and its portfolio of products includes the following products: 1. Breakfast Cereals: Nestle Fitness, Musli Tropical, Musli Classic, Lion, Cheerios, etc.; 2. Chocolate and cereal bars: Lion, Nesquick bar, Nestle Fitness, Lion, Kit Kat, etc. 3. Tea: Nestea is well known to Romanian Consumers. 4. Ice cream: Aloma, Best, Joe Ice Cream, Topgun, Nirvana. 5. Food: Maggi products and condiments are sold by Nestle…

In 1952, Mark Provensen was the creator in illustrating Tony the Tiger. Before they chose to make the face of Frosties a tiger, there was a competition between the tiger, a kangaroo, an elephant, and a gnu. Tony the Tiger was the most popular to public, and that’s why Frosties decided to put the tiger on it’s box of cereal. When this began, the tiger wasn’t as muscular as the one today. The purpose of this was to show children that if they were to eat the frosted flakes, then they would grow…

Tropical Delicacy is a family run business. The product being Asian traditional coconut cookies. While it’s procedure was baking, packing and selling single high-quality coconut cookies plain variant using the Mass Marketing strategy. Potential customers were supermarkets, wholesalers, exporters, bakery stores and deli’s. During the past few decades, the needs of human beings have not changed, while wants have changed rapidly. Many companies have been using mass marketing with the expectation of…

United Cereal: Lora Brill’s Eurobrand Challenge Ashraf Ismayilov United cereal is a US based company established in 1910 by Jed Thomas. The company established its first productions with cracked wheat, rolled oats and malt flakes however, later on, they moved their production line into products like drinks and beverages, dairy products and so on. UC was a successful company with an average value of 9 billion dollars by 2010. United Cereal was customer oriented company with its one of the most…

also able to help improve assortment in RTEC. We were able to get Raisin Bran Crunch 24 oz. on the POG, as well as the new FF Marshmallow, FF Cinnamon, RB Crunch Strawberry Apple, and Chips Deluxe Cereal. I am hoping to continue testing Target Age Flow sets at Shoprite, expanding on our current two store test. Results have been favorable on the current test stores. In Natural Organic RTEC, I was able to add in an extra Kashi Go Lean SKU to close the assortment gap. Our current Kashi brand…

Neşe Ümit S005003 002- Technology behind the processing of a food product: Gummy Candy 28.12.2014 THE SCIENCE BEHIND THE GUMMY CANDY Gummy candy is a type of soft confectionery that has been first produced by Hans Riegel in Germany in early 1900s. First gummy candy was in the shape of bear and it was called “dancing bear” by its inventor, Hans Riegel himself. Both the dancing bear and the gummy candy factory are called HARIBO which is an acronym for Hans Riegel, Bonn (Hartel, 2014). Turkish…

A Netflix original series boasting only eight episodes. Four child actors huddled around a ten-hour Dungeons and Dragons game. A mother communicating with her lost son via Christmas lights. A budding romance between the smart, pretty girl and the resident weird kid. A supernatural young girl with an affinity for Eggo waffles. It does not sound like it should work, but it does. While this summer’s Ghostbusters revival became the new punchline to every science fiction joke, Stranger Things brought…