Cytosol

DISCUSSION Spermatozoa and its Arrival to the Egg Before embarking in the complexity of CatSper channels, the particular characteristics of sperm and its movement towards the egg in female that allows for fertilization should be addressed. Spermatozoa are differentiated motile cells that have two main structures: the head, which houses packed DNA, and the flagellum, the motility portion that transports the sperm genetic information to the egg (1). Within the spermatozoa head both a vesicle…

through plasma membrane. Some vacuoles are formed by Golgi apparatus and ER, while others are formed at the cell surface. Cytoplasm The Cytoplasm is a jelly- like liquid present in a cell. It is a colourless substance and generally alluded as cytosol (means substance of the cell). It encompasses the cell membrane, nucleus and cellular organelles.1 Its main function is the movement of cellular organelles inside the cell. It also provides shape to the cell. Nucleus Large organelle…

Mtb is classified as a Gram-positive bacteria, and is one of the few bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratory5. Its cell surface is partly composed of various virulence lipids, such as phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) and phenolic glycolipids (PGLs). and mycolic acid3. Mtb, like many other bacteria, is capable of sensing and responding to their surrounding environment. It does so via the use of two-component systems, one of which is called PhoPR two-component system6. In order for Mtb…

Epilepsy is a disorder that affects about 3 million Americans and 65 million people around in world. Research is ongoing to find the causes of epilepsy. In two-third of patients diagnosed with epilepsy, the cause is unknown. Epilepsy is a disorder that affects many people in different ways. Some cases of epilepsy are caused by genetic disorders. Epilepsy is a disorder that affects the brain causing seizures. Seizures occur when the nerve cells in the brain release more energy than the brain can…

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is a rare systemic condition that affects renal functioning and can develop into a life threatening disease with lasting complications. HUS is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells due to damage of small blood vessels), thrombocytopenia (an abnormal drop in platelet count) and impaired renal function (Nayer, A. & Asif, A., 2013). HUS can often onset after an infection of Escherichia coli which is a Shiga toxin-producing…

Introduction Why are viruses causing such an impact on humans in recent times? H1N1, MERS, swine flu, Zika, chikungunya, one more virus with a strange name always appears to be popping up, threatening to grow into a pandemic. Quite a few of the pathogens that trigger deadly outbreaks are not entirely new viruses. Some of them have evolved with us for centuries. Nowadays, these viruses can travel and infect around the globe with larger efficiency and shorter times than ever before and when they…

associating with motor proteins attached to the vesicles. Microtubules can also expand or shrink in length in order to establish dynamic structures that can efficiently change the internal organization of the cell, and capture organelles through the cytosol. Intermediate filaments are made up of the protein keratin. Their primary function is to strengthen the internal structure of a cell. Microfilaments are the smallest among the three cytoskeletal filaments. They consist of protein actin.…

Discussion The mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity is not well defined. Several metabolites of arsenic are able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the hippocampus and some other locations [13]. This affects the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis and ultrastructures of hippocampal neurons. In relation to the amino acid neurotransmission, report reveal that arsenic-induced excessive glutamate accumulation in the extracellular space induces excitotoxicity [29]. Arsenic…

Cell Transport and Permeability: Computer stimulation Jeffery Kirkland A&P Lab Courtney Charba April 17, 2015 Academic Integrity Statement: I affirm that this assignment reflects my own honest work and was completed with integrity according to the course’s academic integrity guidelines. This report is based on my own work and any ideas or words that are not my own are clearly indicated and their sources are correctly cited. Student Signature:…

membrane invaginate to form cytoplasmic vesicles that are transported into the cell interior (Karp 303). The vesicle then pinches off inwardly from the plasma membrane (Karp 315). Microfilaments in the plasma membrane (such as actin) extend into the cytosol to help aid the process of phagocytosis (Reaven). The phagosome will then fuse with a lysosome to form the phagolysosome. The lysosomes are the cell’s digestive organelles (Karp 303). The lysosome contains at least 50 different hydrolytic…