Cytoskeleton

Current studies have found that taking omeprazole (prilosec) in combination with paclitaxel, will increase the effectiveness of paclitaxel as an anti-cancer agent. Paclitaxel is an effective form of cancer therapy that treats various kinds of cancer from ovarian to lung cancer. Paclitaxel works by promoting the polymerization of microtubules and prevents depolymerization to have a cytotoxic affect on cells (DeAngelis LM, et al., 1995). Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used clinically for…

Under normal physiological conditions, the function of the colon and the rectum is responsible for the very last phase of digestion. Water is absorbed from the digested material (mostly liquid at this point) by the colon to form stool. Subsequently, the dehydrated stool then moves into the rectum for storage until signals are sent for its expulsion from the anus (Silverthorn, 2012). When carcinomas occur in either the colon or the rectum, they are collectively labeled as colorectal cancer.…

Before the inflammation stage, bleeding needs to occur. The muscle tissue is destroyed through a direct or indirect cause to the muscle. Blood is initially released into the area due to ruptured blood vessels. Inflammation is the bodys defensive system in response to an injury, it is a non-specific response (Hertel, 1997) that will prepare the wound for healing. This phase will happen a few hours post injury (After the bleeding phase has ended) (Watson, 2012). The inflammation stage can be…

Interactive Question 7.2 Cite some experimental evidence that indicates that membrane proteins drift. A good form of experimental evidence is Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, aka FRAP. In the FRAP process, membrane proteins are labelled with a green fluorescent protein, and part of the plasma membrane is “bleached” with a laser, causing them to lose their fluorescence. The part that was bleached will eventually become fluorescent again, as molecules drift in by diffusion. How might…

Today I will be writing about the protein that I was assigned which was Structural Protein. What is your protein? What are they used for? They are used to build structural components of the body such as bones and cartilage. They are mostly found in larger cells. These proteins provide keratins, actin and support. I will be talking about why this protein is important and what does it do. The shape of a protei determines its function and there also a lot of different levels. An example of the…

Most chemical processes and reactions, which are controlled by enzymes, occur in the Cytoplasm. It also supports and protects the organelles. The Cytoplasm is a cytosol, a jellylike material and it is also clear and thick. It also holds the cytoskeleton fibres. A cell membrane controls what substances…

Electron microscope (Manning, n.d.) is the instrument used to magnify different scientific artifacts with the used of electron beams to create the illustration of the sample, and has the capacity to magnify two million times of the original specimen. The development of the electron microscope was first known in the year 1931 because Ernst Ruska and Maximoll Knoll magnified electron image successfully, but the equipment was actually constructed in 1933 (Innes, n.d.). The concept of the electron…

For the initial entry of the virus, the ephrinB2 domain is necessary. Once entered through micropinocytosis, protease cathespin L activates the virus (12). Nipah Virus can replicate very easily in human lung fibroblasts. It can infect the surrounding cells by either cell-to-cell spread or through release of infectious particles. When monocytes get infected, they can transmigrate through the blood brain barrier to infect the brain. This could be plausible if the monocytes were inefficient in…

Purpose This experiment consisted of passaging or subculturing a flask of HeLa cells. This provides more room for cells to grow. The process included transferring the cells into a new flask in order for them to continue growth, using trypsin to dissociate adherent cells from the flask, which then makes it possible to neutralize the trypsin and do a cell count. In addition, we used phenol red as our indicator of successful buffering. It is important to note that the in vitro environment of…

Neurologic and retinal diseases There are many different types of degenerative neurological diseases. The brain is a complex system and this makes the use of stem cells difficult to differentiate to the right cell type. The myriad connection between nerve cells and the complex interdependency with macroglia, which is made up of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and glial progenitor cells create a problem with creating precise structural reconstitution with stem cells. Neurological diseases including…