Cytoskeleton

contain a cell nucleus and have no membrane bound organelles. Prokaryotes can be divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria. However organisms, whose cells are organized into complex structures by a nucleus, contain internal membranes and a cytoskeleton are known to be Eukaryotes. Similarly plant and animal cells can be classified into eukaryotic cells. Both organisms contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and…

the work of early scientists by changing the soup broth with bacteria in it to a preserved petri dish. 4. Both cells and atoms are basic building blocks. 5. This poison would not kill bacteria because bacteria do not have a nucleus. 3.2 1. The cytoskeleton provides support for the cell and helps the organelles in the cell move. 2. The nucleus is protected by a double membrane which has pores that provide a pathway to the cytoplasm. 3. The mitochondrion provides energy to the cell using its…

classical acute excitotoxicity. The destabilization of intracellular calcium levels activates a number of enzymes such as: phospholipases, endonucleases, and proteases. These enzymes are capable of damaging cell structures such as components of the cytoskeleton, cell membrane and DNA. This eventually leads to apoptosis of the cell. 7 The concept of secondary excitotoxicity, where cellular injury by glutamate is triggered by disturbances in neuronal energy status, may be particularly relevant…

as intracellularly so that they can sense infections inside and outside of the cell. Immunofluorescence would be a great method to be able to see what what specific antibodies have been chemically bound to fluorescent dye within the microtubule cytoskeleton and nuclei. Immunohistochemistry could also be used to selectively take images of antigens and proteins in tissue cells because antibodies bind specifically to antigens in biological tissues through CD3 T-cells. Using immunohistochemistry…

The smallest unit within a living thing is known as a cell. Organisms are also a living thing and cell is considered to be the basic block of organisms that builds them. There are many different types of cells in a living thing and are divided into two main categories (i) prokaryotic and eukaryotic. (Karp, 2010). Characteristics of living cell Cells are considered as the most fundamental unit that has the responsibility to carry functions within a living organism (De Robertis & De Robertis,…

most common fatal form of muscular dystrophy, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy is caused by an absence of a protein that keeps muscles in tact, dystrophin. Dystrophin is the protein responsible for connecting the internal cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. It acts as a protectant against the sarcolemmal membranes contractions. It affects 1 in every…

Phagocytosis: The effects of time and Latrunculin on endocytosis. Introduction Phagocytosis is a process in which cells engulfed foreign materials. Eukaryotic cells can engulf different particles and solutes from their environment using a variety of mechanisms called endocytosis. Some cells can carry out large endocytic processes called phagocytosis and micropinocytosis. These processes can internalize particles (>0.5um) whereas internalization of fluids through micropinocytosis mechanisms…

An organism discovered on the Japanese seashore behaves as a predator and a plant in a bizarre lifecycle that may bring biologists closer to understanding how chloroplasts became part of plant cells, according to a study from the University of Tsukuba. Before understanding how this mysterious single-celled organism works, it had to be given a proper scientific name. Analysis of its cellular structure and genetic profile showed that it is most closely related to organisms assigned to the genus…

after careful and sleepless nights of contemplation. My fascination stems from the science behind the biological processes in human bodies and I have cherished the chance to explore them further in my A Levels, from complex processes such as the cytoskeleton in Chemistry, to the impact of genetic mutation on the structure of DNA in Biology. I always strive to develop my critical thinking skills in order to understand topics beyond curricular boundaries through reading various books such as…

I. INTRODUCTION From the recent studies it has been known that breast cancer is the common occuring cancer among women in the worldwide. Metastasis is regarded to be as the main cause of death in breast cancer patients and reason for death around 90% of breast cancer are depicted because of local invasion and migration of tumor cells. Metastasis is defined as the spread of cancerous cells from the tumor site to the distance organs. It is a composite process that are divided into numerous…