Cytochrome P450

3 DRUG PROFILE 3.1 ETODOLAC Etodolac (ETD) belongs to a class of drug called non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSADs). Other members of this class include aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, etc.), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), indomethacin (Indocin), nabumetone (Relafen) and numerous others. 3.1.1 Physical Characteristics: - (Brittain et al, 2002), (Dollary, 1999). IUPAC name : 1,8-Diethyl -1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4,-b] indole-1- acetic acid…

Methylphenidate, commonly known as Ritalin, is a commonly prescribed central nervous system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Medical use of methylphenidate began in 1960 and an estimated 2.4 billion doses are prescribed a year. Methylphenidate is thought to act through the inhibition of dopamine and norepinephrine transporters in neurons, especially those of dopaminergic pathways of the brain. The dopaminergic pathways of the brain are…

OBJECTIVE #1 - The clinical manifestation of, and risk factors for, rhabdomyolysis • Rhabdomyolysis is a condition of skeletal muscle breakdown due to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream, including myoglobin, creatine kinase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, and electrolytes (DynaMed Plus, 2016). • The patient may experience systemic symptoms that may include fever, malaise, nausea, dyspepsia, emesis, muscle pain, weakness and swelling of injured muscles, tea-colored…

Anastrozole is a selective 3rd generation nonsteroidal aromatase Inhibitor [1]. Anastrozole is indicated in treatment of early and advanced breast cancer in post-menopausal women, adjuvant therapy of hormone receptor positive breast cancer, metastatic breast cancer and tenderness of pubertal gynecomastia [2,4,5]. The main type of breast cancer is hormone receptor positive breast cancer, which is caused by an increase of oestrogen levels in the body [3] this is because oestrogen causes an…

antidepressants for the elderly because they do not agitate heart rhythms and hardly ever cause dizziness that can potentially cause them to fall. Liver function is less efficient in older people; there may be a greater risk of drug interactions with cytochrome P450 system. As a result, older people benefit mostly with rapidly metabolized drugs such as Sertraline (Zoloft).…

into two separate categories; phase I (oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis) and phase II (conjugation) enzymes1,2. During phase I, polar groups are added to the molecules through oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis, mediated generally through cytochrome p450 enzymes. Phase II…

triphasic serum decay sequence is noticed. The range of terminal half–life in humans is from 19 to 155 hours. As the liver is an important organ in the metabolism and excretion of drugs, vincristine metabolism has shown to be mediated by the hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzymes in the CYP 3A subfamily. However, patients with hepatic dysfunction or those taking a potent inhibitor of the enzyme at the same time as vincristine the metabolic pathway is weakened. Following an injected dose of…

1. How will you respond to Mr. Sebelius’ statement? Antibiotics will not help a viral infection, in fact they may increase antibiotic-resistant bacteria. 2. What antiviral agents are prescribed for influenza A? Neuroaminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir and permivir) as well as the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) are all affective against influenza A although adamantanes will not be prescribed in the United States unless under very special circumstances (Zachary, 2015).…

g) Solubility: soluble in methanol, slightly soluble in water (13.4 mg/ml) and very slightly soluble in dichloromethane h) Route of administration: Oral i) Excretion: kidney j) Therapeutic category: Antiretroviral drug k) Metabolism: The cytochrome P450 enzyme system is not involved with the metabolism of Tenofovir disoproxil or Tenofovir. l) pKa value: 3.75 m) Trade Name: Viread 2.2.5 Drug profile of Efavirenz: Efavirenz is an antiretroviral drug and it belongs to the class of…

1. In a re-sequencing study to detect genetic variation that influences expression and inducibility of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, novel mutations are detected in the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR; NR1I3), a nuclear hormone receptor that acts as a transcription factor and controls the expression of CYPs including CYP34. Activation of CAR induces (increases) the expression of CYP enzymes. An alignment of the amino acid sequence of human, monkey, rat, and mouse CARs is indicated below.…