Cystitis

important to use proper technique to avoid catheter acquired UTI’s (CAUTI’s) because hospitals don’t get money when patients receive hospital acquired infections and patients come into the hospital to get better, not to get sicker. CAUTI’s can lead to cystitis, pyelonephritis, and in severe cases, end up as a bacterial invasion in the bloodstream called bacteremia. Bacteremia can result in septicemia…

Definition/ Anatomy The Achilles tendon is the supposedly strongest tendon in the human body. Tendons attach muscles to bones; in this case the tendon of insertion of the two muscles soleus as well as the gastrocnemius is the Achilles tendon, which is often a typical cause of distress for athletes in sports such as tennis, basketball, and soccer, as well as other athletic activities involving running, jumping, and rotating movements (Behnke, 2012). Reasons for Achilles Tendon Rupture and…

This essay will discuss the role of the Nurse in caring for a patient who has had a total cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion. In examining and understanding this pertinent area of nursing practice this student will be able to provide holistic care to a patient who has undergone this procedure, ensuring to meet their physical, educational and psychological needs. The ileal conduit is the diversion of urine after a patient’s bladder has been removed; it has been used in conjunction…

Proteus Mirabilis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. It is commonly found in water, soil and fecal matter. Proteus mirabilis is a bacterium that causes urinary tract infections, stemming from cystitis, pyelonephritis, and possibly prostatitis, it can also cause wound infections and pneumonia. Most cases of UTI infections caused by proteus mirabilis are caused by catheters placed in long-term hospitalized patients. Treatment for proteus mirabilis…

Diseases defined by the abnormal metabolism of hemoglobin are classified as porphyrias. Porphyrias cause an abnormal buildup of porphyrin ring compounds that are essential for proper function on hemoglobin. There are multiple different classifications of porphyria, with acute intermittent porphyria being the most common. Porphyrins, the building blocks of hemoglobin, are excreted in the urine of affected people, causing extreme symptoms that range from pain to neurologic disturbances. While…

makes up the lower urinary tract (Spoorenberg, et al., 2015). A UTI in the kidneys is the most severe and goes by the name pyelonephritis while urethritis is an infection in the urethra and is the least severe. An infection in the bladder is called cystitis. Studies have proved that UTIs are more prevalent in women…

It is important to make an accurate diagnosis in this case as the risk of severe illness and treatment varies between an uncomplicated and a complicated UTI.1 The absent of classical presentation of loin pain and rigors would make acute pyelonephritis very unlikely. She was also haemodynamically stable on examination and showed no signs of urosepsis. Hence, based on this patient’s complaint of dysuria, frequency and suprapubic pain accompanied by urinalysis findings of leucocytes and nitrites;…

THE MALE AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Naturally the ultimate goal for all living organisms on earth is the preservation and continuity of their kind. This is achieved through reproduction. Reproduction or procreation is the biological process through which organisms give rise to new individuals referred to as offspring (Silverstein, Silverstein, & Silverstein, 2010). It is in two forms namely; asexual and sexual. Sexual reproduction is the most common, advanced and more…

Gonadectomies have been done in animals for decades to control the animal’s behavior, increase lifespan, decrease overpopulation etc. Veterinarians have done the procedures since the 1930s (Pi, 2016). Back then the biggest issues with the procedure was anesthesia. Since then veterinarian medicine has evolved and gonadecomties have become more common and not viewed as a welfare concern. In 1969, the first low cost spay/neuter clinic in Los Angeles opened causing people to become more aware of the…

interferes with DNA strand by forming crosslinks and thus inhibiting DNA and RNA synthesis and function, leading to cellular apoptosis(22). However, studies have shown that cyclophosphamide usage will lead to some serious side effects: haemorrhagic cystitis, sepsis, leukopenia and increased risk of bladder cancer(20). As a result, Methotrexate has been used to substitute the more toxic Cyclophosphamide, yet studies show that it has a higher relapse rate. Also, excretion of this drug is mostly by…