Cysteine

Ca2+ fluxes signal leukocyte recruitment to the lung and facilitate transepithelial migration into the airway lumen. Airway epithelial cells are situated well to play a crucial role in host response by providing a physical and an immunological barrier to inhaled pathogens. This physical barrier mediated by epithelial cell-to-cell junctions inhibits pathogens from invading, and the immunological barrier is attained through epithelial cell recognition of bacteria and swift signaling to recruit…

Proton pump inhibitors are considered acid-activated prodrugs because they discontinue acid production and ATPase activity. They require gastric acid secretion to be converted to sulfenic acid, which covalently bonds with the cysteines on the surface of ATPase (Shin). The sulfenic bond is responsible for stopping the acid secretion once it has successfully bonded with the ATPase of parietal cells, which raises the pH of the stomach acid. Acid-related diseases, such as peptic ulcers…

on exons 2-24, which encode for 34 epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats domain that makes up the principal extracellular arm of the Notch 3 receptor (Blasi, et al., 2013). The most common mutation is production of proteins with an odd number of cysteine residues within the 34 EGF, causing receptor homo/heterodimerization or multimerization (Blasi, et al., 2013). These abnormal proteins affect the function and activity of smooth muscle cells in the brain leading to degradation of these cells.…

Eyes: Kiwi is rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, which helps prevent light induced damage to the retina. Also eating 3 or more kiwis every day, has proven to decrease macular degeneration by 36%. 8. Improve Digestive Health: Kiwi contains Actinidain, a cysteine protease enzyme. The fluffy strands of kiwi fruit prevents food poisoning and intestinal tract infections, thus maintaining the overall digestive system of your body to stay in good health. 9. Beneficial to Skin: Kiwi is rich in Vitamin E…

characteristics of CD40 CD40 is a 43-48 kDa glycoprotein; it is consisted of 277 amino acid residues. It is a member of (TNFR) family, which stands for the tumour necrosis factor receptor family. The extracellular part of the CD40 is composed of various cysteine rich repeats as all the other members of this family. The four extracellular domains are consisted of two types of modular units as shown in Figure 1, each one of those units is stabilised by one or two disulfide bonds. CD40 is made up…

This research paper discusses energy metabolism and its connection to cancer cells. What gives cancer cells its ability to grow, multiply and succeed within the human body. Your average person believes that once cancer cells are detected it is out of their control and there is not much you can do to change it besides professional treatment. However, Your diet and what you feed the cancer cells to give them the energy and ability to multiply is in your control. This research informs individuals…

Many patients that undergo vascular interventions such as angiographies, stent or inferior vena cava filter placement that require radiographic imaging are at risk for contrast media induced nephropathy. This risk increases with age and with several comorbid conditions. Many aspects that can influence whether a patient may become affected by the contrast are noted in Pisanai et. al, in table 1. They are noted as “preexisting renal failure, diabetes, effective blood volume depletion,…

Current understanding of DJ-1 mutations leading to loss of function The PARK7 gene is responsible for encoding the DJ-1 protein. DJ-1 is an oncogene, meaning it is a gene that can potentially cause cancer. That said, it is expressed in almost all cells and provides multiple intracellular functions. It can be noted that, DJ-1 protein provides extracellular protections, suggesting a role for DJ-1 as an anti-oxidative stress and molecular chaperone. In particular, the DJ-1…

The dopamine active transporter is a 12 integral membrane-spanning protein that moves the neurotransmitter dopamine out of the synapse back into cytosol terminating therefore the signal of the neurotransmitter. The dopamine reuptake via DAT is the primary mechanism from which dopamine is cleared from synapses. Its function requires the binding and cotransport of two Na+ ions and one Cl− ion with the dopamine substrate. The driving force for DAT-mediated dopamine reuptake is the ion concentration…

Alzheimer's disease is a very serious condition in which your brain starts destroying memory and disabling other mental functions. This happens because brain cells start to degenerate an die. There is no cure for Alzheimer's, only medications that can temporarily help and prevent it longer. The main symptoms of Alzheimer's are increasing forgetfulness, difficulty organizing thoughts, not noticing things are wrong, repeating questions and statements not realizing they've already said it,…