Cyclooxygenase

Bakr et al Clin J Pain  Volume 00, Number 00, ’’ 2016 6 | www.clinicalpain.com Copyright r 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright r 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited. was a significant decrease in CD4, CD8, and CD56 in group M, compared with groups T and K and in CD3, CD8, and CD56 in group T compared with group K at 90 minutes postoperatively. After 24 hours, there was a decrease in CD4, and CD8 in group M in…

choice of medication when it comes to Crohn’s Disease is 5-ASA, also known as Mesalamine. This medication is available in tablets or topically (ADVANCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CRHON’S DISEASE). It is thought to act in the colon, where it blocks cyclooxygenase and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. It is a gastrointestinal anti-inflammatory medication. Sulfasalazines are also used, but they have a lot more side effects than 5-ASA. If a patient does not respond to 5-ASA, an antibiotic such as…

Opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and local anaesthetics are three types of analgesic drugs that have been studied as potential analgesic agents in fish.16 Opioid analgesic drugs exert their effects through the activation of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors, thus inhibiting and modulating pain signals.88 Morphine is a pure mu-opioid receptor agonist with a great hypoalgesic effect and very used in veterinary medicine.89 Since pure mu-agonist opioids cause addiction in…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressive, degenerative joint process where the articular cartilage layer on the ends of bones at the joints deteriorates, and the bone plate gets thicker and more sclerotic. Additionally, this affects the joint’s protective mechanisms including ligaments and muscle. OA is manifested as a monoarticular or polyarticular phenomenon and is often asymmetric. It can occasionally appear as a more generalized disease. OA usually begins asymptomatically when the…

Pomegranate fruit Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is considered one of the oldest known edible fruit that is mentioned in the Koran, the Bible, the Jewish Torah, and the Babylonian Talmud as “Food of Gods” that is symbolic of plentyness, fertility and prosperity.(45) They are widely cultivated in Iran, India, and the Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia, Spain, and Morocco.(46,47,48) The pomegranate fruit is berry-like with a leathery rind enclosing many seeds surrounded by…

decrease the risk of a heart attack, strokes, and chest pain. It works by blocking a certain natural substance in the body to reduce pain. Esther Inglis-Arkell says “It was derived from willow and birch bark, and works by blocking a certain enzyme. Cyclooxygenase-2 is basically an alarm bell, ordering out the troops. It manufactures a chemical called prostaglandin,…

Pharmacodynamics: Ibuprofen is a NSAID with anti-inflammatory; analgesic and antipyretics effects are the results of the ability to block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, leading to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins [6]. COX is the enzyme used for prostaglandin biosynthesis [3]. Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are involved with prostaglandin production. The inhibition of these enzymes results in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin thus decreasing pain, fever, and swelling…

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELECOXIB Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which was the first COX-2 inhibitor approved by the FDA. It is mainly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and familial adenomatous polyposis. Celecoxib was primarily designed to decrease the risk of adverse gastrointestinal effects, but several reports of cardiovascular events expressed concerns about its use. Celecoxib has a moderate absorption rate, and…

potentiated by its combination with low dose of NO modulator L-NAME. L-NAME when given in low dose exerts its anti- inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO-NOS pathway which promotes inflammation by activating various inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase (Jarazo Dietrich et al.…

3 DRUG PROFILE 3.1 ETODOLAC Etodolac (ETD) belongs to a class of drug called non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSADs). Other members of this class include aspirin, ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, etc.), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), indomethacin (Indocin), nabumetone (Relafen) and numerous others. 3.1.1 Physical Characteristics: - (Brittain et al, 2002), (Dollary, 1999). IUPAC name : 1,8-Diethyl -1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4,-b] indole-1- acetic acid…