The Permian Mass Extinction Introduction There are five major extinctions in history: the Late Devonian, the Ordovician-Silurian, the Permian-Triassic, the Triassic-Jurassic, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary. Known as the Big Five, these extinctions exceeded all others in size and destruction, each killing more than 60% of species from that period. Each one acted as a bottleneck, allowing the survival of only a fraction of the organisms that had been thriving before, from which evolution and life…
have shown since 1899 that the North Pole is shifting southward at a rate of 10 centimeters per year. The poles control many things--from the migration of the birds, to holding the Earth together; which have effects on climate zones, and control currents and waves in the ocean. The poles are important to the Earth. The polar ice caps are melting and the world is changing rapidly into what might eventually be an uninhabitable climate for the living organisms which are already on the planet…
Contaminants, such as nitrogen as focus upon in this report, have already risen to levels that can harm and even devastate local marine ecosystems, and according to tests done by Suffolk County Water Authority and other organizations, show the concentration levels in the groundwater are continuing to rise, and could pose more serious problems to us in the coming decades. As more agricultural products are produced to meet demands, and more development…
atmosphere and increased levels of nitrous oxide and methane. CO2 levels have increased past the threshold of safety at 350 parts per million (ppm) to 400 ppm. This increase in greenhouse gas emissions has caused the average surface temperature to rise about .6 degrees Celsius. With the carbon dioxide levels continuing to increase, the Earth is expected to become 2 degrees warmer by the end of the century. This increase in temperature results in ice caps melting raised sea levels, flooding of…
great ancient Greek city state founded around 600 BC named after its king Byzas, the leader of the Megarean colonists and founder of the city. He settled in Constantinople because of the spin strip of water that connected Asian to Europe and the black sea to the Mediterranean. Byzantium now means old or devious but during its 1100 years it was the savior to the western world’s profound heritage of long literature but it has also put Christianity on fast track and along the way they brought up…
reason for all the droughts that have been occurring. Extreme weather is a result of climate change. Climate change will bring many animals to extinction and coral reefs will be destroyed. Polar ice caps will continue to melt, and cause the rise of sea levels. Heat waves and tsunamis will also become a problem, and both are a threat to human lives. Crop failure will hit us too if we do not try to fix what we have done. Humans need to understand that a lot of the things that we use energy for are…
and active volcano. Yet, specifically on Oahu there are currently no active volcanoes that exist. Oahu is special because it has an extinct volcano flourishing with both flora and fauna. Oahu’s extinct volcano is called Diamond Head Crater, in its current state many lifeforms are able to thrive just like the many flora and fauna at Lake Tahoe. At top of hike you are to climb into a decommissioned bunker which gives a gorgeous view of the blue waves below. Additionally, if you want to see an…
space some of this radiation does not pass the atmosphere and is radiated back. This is a natural effect but as more greenhouse gasses are put out by humans through the burning of fossil fuels and clear cutting forest the higher the temperatures will rise in the future. This effect known as global warming mostly caused by human effects has experienced a major growth. Our actions are affecting ecosystems worldwide by emission of carbon dioxide and clear…
Whale sharks are the ocean’s largest fish, yet they are still endangered despite their size. Humanity’s affects on the whale shark population eventually cascade, having a critical affect on all other species and a single human behavior such as irresponsible plastic use or oil drilling can have a vast impact on the overall ecosystem. Whale sharks positively benefit the health of the ocean by cleaning the ocean of plankton. Generally, whale sharks are primarily endangered due to humanity’s greed,…
Nuclear Power is the Future Since the 1960’s humans have been trying to solve the puzzle of providing energy to all people cheaply, efficiently, and with minimum harmful effects to the environment. In the words of Franklin D. Roosevelt, “The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much it is whether we provide enough for those who have little.” (brainyquote.com), the solution to providing affordable, clean electricity to all of humanity…