Crystallization

On February 6 of 2018, at 11:00 a.m. in room 1043 of Thomas Cole Research building, Sade Rhodes spoke about the characterization of lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystals (C-CNCs) as a reinforcing agent in polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites. The logistics of the seminar that was most enjoyable was when the speaker focused on the matter of Nanocelluloses. She provided a lot of information on this topic and I understand how it related to her topics in her research. However, the only part that I did…

Metal electrodeposition is the process of reduction reaction and crystallization of metal ions in an electrolytic cell according to the mechanism of electrolysis. Electrodeposition is one of the main methods for improving and enhancing the metal substrate property. Now, in order to overcome the defect of single electrodeposition with shortcomings of cracks, pores, pits, pocking and so on, the modern new techniques sprang up such as jet electrodeposition [1], ultrasonic vibration assisted…

into one another frequently because there are so many of them. And occasionally when the molecules bump into each other frequently because there is to many molecules then the molecules end up sticking together and it is the beginning of the crystallization process which is called the nucleation. And once several of the molecules are starting to get stuck together they actively attract more molecules to come and form more…

by thousands of clandestine mom and pop labs rather than Escobar's large centralized labs. These labs take the paste and turn it into cocaine base. The final and most important stage occurs in the larger "crystal" labs where the base undergoes crystallization into cocaine hydrochloride. These labs are more sophisticated and tend to be somewhat centralized. All use recipes with minor variations and no organized national overseeing of quality control exists. The shoddy processes they use…

These forms were obtained by amplifying the DNA and cloning it. Next, purification was completed using size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography. Crystallization concluded their methods as they resulted with three crystals. The structure of crystal form 1 has good resolution of 2.50 Å. Additionally, the R factor is 21.7% which still classifies it as good. The Rfree value is 26.8%; it’s slightly high…

This relies on selective crystallization which is a result of the fact that large crystals are more stable than smaller ones. In addition to being more stable, the larger crystal is also more thermodynamically favorable because more stability correlates to a lower energy. This experiment…

Supercooling is when liquids do not freeze even below their freezing point. If there is any movement while in the process it could cause the crystallization process. Also if any water molecules come in contact with any possible ice impurities it could cause the crystallization process. When the temperature of water drops below to 32℉, water should freeze. A water molecule of water contains two atoms of hydrogen and one containing oxygen. Oxygen is a lot heavier…

solubility in higher salt concentration solutions. The reason is that the more addition of ions of salt protect proteins with multi ion charges. There are two method of salting out. Salting out which is known as anti-solvent crystallization, precipitation, or crystallization drowning out is an effect based on the electrolyte and non electrolyte interaction where the less soluble at high salt concentrations will be non electrolyte. It is used as a process for the purification for proteins, as…

recovery was 0.256g/0.500 x 100%=57.2%, meaning that 42.8% (0.214g) was lost during the process. Observing and comparing the results we did not recovered 100 % of the purified compound, therefore there are many factors that affected the crystallization . One of the factors affecting our product was adding too much solvent at at time. Since too much solvent was added, p-hydroxybenzoic pure acid stayed dissolved in the solution, eventually the percentage recovered was lower than it should…

The theoretical concepts that underlie the Hot Ice experiment involve a supercooled, supersaturated aqueous solution becoming a solid. When a liquid is cooled beyond its freezing point but remains liquid is known as supercooling or undercooling, and being supersaturated occurs when the solutes in a solution exceed the saturation point. The sodium acetate in a supercooled state will rapidly change into a solid with the addition of physical energy or a nucleation site. During the transformation of…