Crystalline silicon

2. Basic theories and principles 2.1 Chemical vapor deposition 2.1.1 Definition of chemical vapor deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile process which is widely applied to produce coatings, powders, fibers and monolithic components [1]. Applying the chemical vapor deposition, it is possible to produce alloy and compounds of metals and nonmetal materials. Chemical vapor deposition can be defined as the deposition of a solid on a heated surface from a chemical reaction in the…

Orbiting spacecraft need a safe, efficient, and cost-effective way of penetrating planetary atmospheres and landing without compromising the cargo or– more importantly– the passengers. In the case of planet Earth, orbiting vehicles generate a substantial amount of thermal energy upon re-entry into the atmosphere, and the management of that immense amount of heat is fundamental in providing a safe environment for the crew and instrumentation on board the vehicle. The design of an efficient and…

Since the industrial revolution, people’s life quality has improved dramatically, along with new machines invented and new technology innovated. While people are enjoying their life with those advancements, energy consumption has also increased enormously. With limited resources on earth, the development of renewable technology has become the focus for the past decades. The sun, the giant burning star that is 92 million miles away from us, is warming us the earth and providing us with light and…

Basics”). This quote demonstrates how rapid cooling of the polymers impacts the organization of the polymer structure. Additionally, the polymer structure determines the amount of light that can pass through the plastic. Notably, polymers with a crystalline arrangement, or a fixed order, are more likely to be translucent or opaque (“The Basics”). Not to mention, the degree of the crystals affects the strength, firmness, chemical resistance, and the…

3) Silicon is starting to be checked out as associate anode material as a result of it will swell rather more than graphite, storing up to 10 times additional Lithium ions; but this swelling will break the electrical contacts in the anode inflicting failure…

As stated in the article “A Path to Sustainable Energy by 2030,” the three main sources of renewable energy are technologies that consist of zero-emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants of their entire life cycle (Jacobson, 87). Of course there are several renewable energy sources, but the three main resources listed in the article are wind, water and sunlight (WWS). To this day, wind supplies up to 51% of the energy demand with about 3.8 million wind turbines installed (Jacobson, 88).…

particle size which can be of the order of 100 nm. Worldwide production of carbon black was approximately 6 million tonnes in 1993 (IARC,1996). Other common materials produced by flame pyrolysis or similar thermal processes include fumed silica (silicon dioxide), ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ultrafine metalssuch as…

This chapter discusses about the health hazard and hygiene in the workplace. Hazards can be found in every workplace. Hazard is generally anything that makes you in a dangerous situation. Health hazard is means that the hazard brings negative effect and harm to the health which is may cause measurable changes in the body. There are many hazard in the workplaces have the potential to harm workers short-term and long-term health result in diseases, disorders and injuries (Alison et. al., 2008).…

is estimated that anywhere from 900,000 to 3.8 million homes in the United States will count with solar panels in their roofs by the year 2020. (Wisland) According to an online source, “The production of a solar panel starts out by slicing crystalline silicon into tiny disks that are then polished and treated to repair the damage done by the slicing. Afterwards, materials that are added to alter an electrical charge in a semiconductor or photovoltaic solar cell, along with metal conductors are…

Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral. Its coloring is metallic brassy to a brown-orange, and on the Mohs scale, it has a hardness of 3.5 to 4. The chemical formula of chalcopyrite is CuFeS2. It is the most commonly occurring copper containing mineral in New Zealand, but it is only created near volcanic areas. On the metaphysical level, chalcopyrite is used for meditation, specifically for opening the third eye chakra (crown chakra), and physical healing. The stone clears any energy…