Cruciate ligament

The anatomy of the foot is a tremendously complex one. Plantar Flexion as defined by O’Toole (2013) “A toe down motion of the foot at the ankle. It is measured in the degrees from the 0 degree position of the foot at rest on the ground, with the body in a standing position.” Plantar flexion is a movement that is used every day, from climbing the stairs to applying the foot the pedal while driving (Contributor, 2015). Motion defined by (Lippert,2011). ‘As the process of moving joints, limbs…

Pain in the back of one’s lower half of the leg is often times a result of a calf muscle tear. A torn calf muscle is similar to a torn Achilles, except it occurs higher up on the leg. Calf injuries occur like any other muscle tear, they can be a result of motions such as running and jumping, pushing off too suddenly, excessive over-stretching, or during quick changes of direction. Symptoms can vary with every person. Most include sudden sharp pains in the upper leg, being tender to the touch,…

The Glenoid Labrum: Labral Tear Number Twenty-Two PED161 2 LABRAL TEAR The Glenoid Labrum is a protective disk of fibrocartilage that surrounds and deepens the cavity of the Glenoid. The labrum allows for full range of motion, stability, and cushioning in the shoulder. It is attached to the edge of the shoulder socket and supports the ball of the joint -or the head of the arm bone, known as the humerus- in order to stay in place. When the fibrocartilage of the labrum is torn, it is…

WHAT IS IT & WHAT CAUSES IT? Runner's knee - or patellofemoral pain - is a condition caused by continual heavy stress on the knees, which is common in physically demanding activities such as running, jumping, skiing, cycling and playing soccer. It causes a dull, aching pain either under or around the front of the knee. The pain can be felt walking up or down stairs, kneeling, squatting or sitting for a long time with knees bent. Runner's knee refers to a number of conditions which may cause…

DOI: 06/22/2014. The patient is a 37-year-old male laborer who sustained injury while pushing a pallet jack off a truck and took a step over the truck to the ground doing the splits. The patient is subsequently diagnosed with status post left tibia puncture fracture repair with instrumentation, left knee, left ankle, lumbar sprain/strain. Based on the progress report by Dr. McSweeney dated 01/07/16, the patient had a left ankle scope on 12/17/15 and has just started PT. He reports left ankle…

A sprained ankle happens when you completely or partially tear a ligament due to a sudden stretching. After spraining, swelling immediately occurs and the pain is most severe at time of injury. Definitions Ligament: a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint. Swelling: an abnormal enlargement of a part of the body, typically as a result of an accumulation of fluid. Severe: very great , or intense. Tripping Rolling…

2015). What even is a meniscus? Menisci are crescent-shaped portions of fibrocartilage located in the knees and can actually be found in other joints, but injury primarily takes place in the knees. These injuries are also closely associated with ligament sprains (Lewis, S. M., 2011). Alone, this type of damage does not usually cause significant edema or swelling due to the fact that most of…

comprised of ankle sprains (Kaminski & Stant, p. 10). Most sprains happen due to stress on the ligaments of the ankle. Depending on the degree of the tear and how critical, determines which Grade category the injury falls under. There are three Grades: Grade I (mild) is stretching of the ligaments, Grade II (moderate) is partial tearing of the ligaments, and Grade III (severe) is a complete tear of all the ligaments. The most common ways to damage your ankle are landing wrong from a…

Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament The anterior tibiofibular ligament is often referred to as the high ankle ligament, and it is the one that is damaged when the foot is stuck on the ground and rotated inwardly. The ankle is a hinge joint that connects the foot and the leg, allowing up and down movement. The tibia and fibula bones of the leg form a slot where the talus bone of the foot fits between them. The talus is held to the tibia and fibula by ligaments. Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament The…

The human shoulder is made up of three bones: the clavicle (collarbone), the scapula (shoulder blade), and the humerus (upper arm bone) as well as associated muscles, ligaments and tendons. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the shoulder. The four muscles of the rotator cuff are over half of the seven scapulohumeral muscles. The four muscles are the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and the subscapularis muscle. The…