Criterion validity

1. Name and describe at least 5 threats to validity (ea. threat accurately described is worth 2 points up to a possible 16 points). History threat- This occurs when the study outcome is affected by some historical event. If a specific event or chain of events does transpire during the time when a treatment is administered and it affects the observations it is a threat to the internal validity. Often times there is no way of determining if the historical event(s) or the treatment accounts for…

Research has stated that animals must be exposed and frequently involved in intense social interaction for facial recognition to occur. However, recent research has suggested that orangutans can differentiate between individuals with much less interaction required. The orangutans spend the majority of their time alone. It is estimated they spend 5% of their time associated in social situations. Additionally, very little is known about how the orangutans recognize faces in specific situations…

issue of generalizing results from WEIRD participants to other populations arises. As we learned in Dr. Cheung’s class, this privileged demographic represents only about 12% of the world’s population, therefore limiting the potential for external validity, as it is a non-representative sample. In discussing the recruitment of participants, this also calls into question their other method of recruiting test subjects: online advertisements. This recruitment led to sampling bias, in which some…

It comes as no surprise that the clothing we wear has a major influence on how others perceive us. There are valid reasons why we don’t typically sport sweatpants at job interviews or ripped jeans at funerals; generally, we tend to present ourselves in attire that is socially acceptable so that others are more likely to form positive impressions of us. In this experiment, we examine the effect that clothing has, not only on social perception, but also on social influence, particularly in regards…

Assignment Questions 1. List three things you learned about assessment and measurement in the context of the video discussions. First and foremost, properly conceived assessment is an essential aspect of education. The educational review process and all associated components should be routinely examined to ensure quality as well as make improvements. Because learning is a very complex endeavor, it is important to create measurement instruments that are sufficiently comprehensive and applicable…

Attackers of testing believe it can lead to a number of unwanted effects on students mainly when used on aptitude and achievement tests, these include the following criticisms: For some, taking a test can act as a motivator to do better, but for others it can do the exact opposite. Tests can create anxiety and based on the severity can cause a problem with a students test performance. There are a number of ways to help reduce such stress, like preparing for the test using practice exercises or…

Criterion A: Investigating My goal was to create a family tree in my extended family for as far as my grandparents remembered. But once I realized that the tree wasn 't going to turn out as big as I thought it would be I decided to change my topic to something that I loved-food! I changed my topic to the history of pasta. This opened up doors that lead to new things that I could research and a much more vast ground for me to start my project on. I researched things like all the different types…

collegiate success. An issue that still remains huge is that the exam is considered a “norm-referenced” exam, where the authors support a “criterion-referenced” test which measures how much students know, and not where they rank in comparison to others. Atkinson and Geiser agree that the American education system would improve if the tests students are accompanied to- criterion-referenced- continue through college. There are, however, a few factors holding the nation back from this change many…

Standardized Testing in Schools Standardized testing has been an inevitable part of life for countless Americans, making them question the validity of their life choices since the third grade. When taking standardized tests, one encounters some obvious drawbacks. Any student who has been forced to take one of the hundreds that exist can recount the tales of stress and feelings of inadequacy that linger after every test taken. Standardized testing does not benefit students because it objectifies…

Although there is an exuberant amount of research disproving that standardized tests are trustworthy and reliable, there are still people who stand behind it for multiple reasons. One reason as to why there are people and colleges who heavily trust the results of these scores is because so many kids take it, and according to statistical measures, the more people who participate in something, whether it be a survey or a test, the more accurate the yielded results are. Statistics states that in…